Methyl
Ethyl
Phenyl
Amino
Amido
Guanidino
Imidazole
Carbonyl
(Ketone)
Carbonyl
(Aldehyde)
Carboxyl
Hydroxyl
Ether
Ester
Anhydrid
Phosphoryl
Phosphoanhydride
Mixed anhydride
Sulfhydryl
Disulfide
Thioester
Unterschied Ketose (links) und Aldose (rechts)