Third line of defence

Adaptive Immune Response

Organs of the lymphatic system

i) Development of T and B cells
Lymphocyte development diverges into two cell lines :

Antigen-independent maturation occurs in two sites

The function of surface markers or receptors is

Common receptor molecules

Clonal deletion

ii) Presentation of antigens

Antigens :

Antigenicity of a substance can be determined by :

Antigens are presented by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) , such as :

Role of Antigen-Presenting Cell

Antigens are presented to :

On T cells, there are called :

On B cells, the receptors are called :

Immunoglobulins (Ig) has many classes :

Variable region and constant region of antibodies

iii) T-cell response

For T cells, this activation stimulates their differentiation into :

Process of T-cell activation

iv) B-cell response

Following activation, B cells differentiate into :

Memory B cells

Regulatory B cells

Plasma cells

Antibodies disable the targets through:

Neutralisation

Opsonisation

Agglutination

Antitoxin action