1.2 Earthquakes

Frage 1 von 29

14

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Ziehe eine Antwort zum richtigen orangen Punkt.

Longitudinal

Transverse

Lateral movement

Can travel through solids and liquids

Controlled by incompressibility

Body waves

Cannot pass through liquids

Controlled by rigidity

Travel at 70% of the speed of P waves

Reflected by Moho

Last to arrive

Surface wave

Large amplitude

Long wavelength

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 29

1

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Ziehe eine Antwort zum richtigen orangen Punkt.

0-70km

70-300km

300-700km

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Frage 3 von 29

2

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

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Frage 4 von 29

1

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

0
12
1
-6

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Frage 5 von 29

2

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

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Frage 6 von 29

1

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 7 von 29

1

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 8 von 29

1

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 9 von 29

1

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 10 von 29

2

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

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Frage 11 von 29

1

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

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Frage 12 von 29

1

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 29

1

S waves can travel through liquids.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 29

1

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 29

1

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 29

1

Define the term magnitude.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.
A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.

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Frage 17 von 29

1

Define the term intensity.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.
A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.

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Frage 18 von 29

1

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

competent

Unconsolidated

oscillates

low

higher

greater

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 29

1

Define: Seismograph

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 29

1

Define: Seismometer

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into a signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 29

1

Define: Seismogram

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 29

4

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 29

2

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

increase

absorb

speed

amplitude

damage

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 29

2

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 29

1

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 29

1

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 29

1

How do earthquakes cause liquefaction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

The ground vibrates and so behaves like a liquid.
The ground shakes.
The ground collapses due to rise of water.

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 29

1

Fülle die Lücke, um den Text zu vervollständigen

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 29

5

How can the impact of an earthquake be reduced on built structures?

Flexible pipes and electricity ❌
- prevents pipes from ❌ / stops ❌
Cross-bracing
- ❌ building
Mass on roof of tall buildings / ❌
- acts as a counterbalance as the building ❌
❌ shaped structure
- more stable due to ❌ base
Base ❌
- ❌ ground vibrations
Reinforced ❌
- provides greater ❌ and firmer base

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

cables

fracturing

fires

strengthens

damping

sways

Pyramid

wider

isolation

absorbs

foundations

support

	Erstellt von Izzy Backhouse vor mehr als 8 Jahre

pgs. 14-23

1.2 Earthquakes

Frage 1 von 29

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Ziehe eine Antwort zum richtigen orangen Punkt.

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 29

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Ziehe eine Antwort zum richtigen orangen Punkt.

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 29

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 29

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 29

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

The S wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees. The P wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees.

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 29

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 29

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 29

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 29

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 29

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates. = the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 29

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 29

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 29

S waves can travel through liquids.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 29

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Mercalli Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area. - It is a point scale.

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 29

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Richter Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves. - The values are then converted into a scale.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 29

Define the term magnitude.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 29

Define the term intensity.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 29

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock: Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily. Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures. L wave amplitude is ❌. ❌ sediment ❌ freely. L wave amplitude ❌. Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 29

Define: Seismograph

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 29

Define: Seismometer

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.