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ELeanor Turner
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GCSE Biology Mindmap am B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs, erstellt von ELeanor Turner am 08/05/2016.
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aqa
gcse
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gcse additional science
drugs
unit 1
b1
b1.3
biology
biology unit 1
triple science
biology
gcse
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ELeanor Turner
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5359872
mind_map
2016-05-17T00:32:08Z
B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs
Drugs
Extensively tested and
trialled
Tested in the
lab
1st stage: cells,
tissues
2nd stage: live
animals
Clinical trials
3rd stage: healthy
volunteers
4th stage: patients with the
illness
Low dosage at
start
Slowly
increased
Test for side
effects
Optimum dosage found
Least side
effects
5th stage: blind clinical trials- patients split into two
groups
One group given the real drug,
another given a placebo
Allows for placebo
effect
Patient expects drug to work
so feels better, even if the
'drug' is doing nothing
Placebo
Substance like the drug being
tested but doesn't do
anything
Sometimes trials are double
blind
Patient nor doctor knows which is the
placebo
For toxicity, efficacy and
dose
Thalidomide
Intended as a sleeping pill
Found effective against morning sickness
Has not been tested on pregnant women
Many babies born with severe limb abnormalities
Drug banned
Resulted in more
rigorous drug
testing
Now used to treat other diseases
Leprosy
Legal and illegal drugs
Medicinal
Recreational
Performance enhancing
Some require prescription
Morphine
Some do not
Paracetamol
Used for fun
Legal
Illegal
Alcohol
Nicotine
Ecstasy
Cannabis
Heroin
Improve an athlete's
performance in sport
Anabolic steroids
Stimulants
Increase heart rate
Increase muscle size
Some illegal, some prescribed
All banned from sporting bodies
Can lead to
high blood
pressure
Arguments against
Arguments for
Athletes can make their own decisions
Sport is not fair anyway,
different training facilities etc
Unfair
Athletes may not have been
informed about the risks
Can cause mental health problems
Addictive
Considered a gateway drug
All three can cause
heart and circulatory
problems
Cancer
Addiction
Disease of
heart and
lungs
Slows
reactions
Liver disease
Brain damage
The overall impact of legal drugs is
Statins
Lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases
Also lower blood cholesterol
And risk of heart disease in diabetic patients
Much greater than the impact of illegal drugs
More people use them
Have negative effects on economy and society
Effects of drugs
Change body chemistry
Results in
Becoming addicted
If addicts do not take the drug they have
Withdrawal symptoms
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2016-05-17T00:32:08Z
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