Introduction to the Study of Language I - Phonology

sound waves

perceiving of sound

production of sound

sound waves

perception of sound

production of sound

perception of sound

sound waves

production of sound

Way to pronounce vocals

People who check others pronunciation and correct them, if necessary

Parts of the vocal apparatus, which are involved in speech production.

A scientific method to analyze ones pronunciation.

When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibrating effect.

When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded.

[s] in Sue

[z] in zoo

Sound formed using both upper and lower lips

slightly further back than the alveolar sounds, between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge

sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum

sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip.

slightly further back than the alveolar sounds- between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge

Sound formed using both upper and lower lips

sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip

sound produced with the tongue and the palate

slightly further back than the alveolar sounds- between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge

sound produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth and an open glottis

Sound formed using both upper and lower lips

formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth

sound produced with the tongue and the palate

slightly further back than the alveolar sounds- between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge

sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip

sound produced with the tongue and the palate

sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum

sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip

sound produced with the tongue and the palate

sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum

sound formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge

sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip

sound produced with the tongue and the palate

sound produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth and an open glottis

Plosive

Glottal stop

Nasal

Affricative

Nasal

Fricative

Glottal stop

Flap

RG describes the standard accent of BE

RG describes the standard accent of North American English (NAE)

Phonetics

Phonology

Features of pronunciation in a syllable

Function of individual sounds in a language

Features of pronunciation in a syllable

Function of individual sounds in a language

A minimal pair

A minimal set

Neither

Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised a

Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised *

Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised h

Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised '

Nazalisation

Nasalization

Nasalisation

Naselization

Nasallization

Nasalizetion

It is a released consonant, the release of the air being built up

It is a unreleased consonant, there is no release of the air pressure

Complementary distribution= two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur

Complementary distribution= two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other occurs

The user/speaker consciously chooses between two allophones

The user/speak unconsciously chooses between two allophones

The maximal onset principle

The sonority sequencing principle

the maximal onset principle

the sonority sequencing principle

contain full vowels and are unstressed

contain weak vowels and are unstressed

contain full vowels and are stressed

contain weak vowels and are stressed

contain strong vowels and are unstressed

contain weak vowels and are unstressed

contain full vowels and are stressed

contain weak vowels and are stressed

Rhythm

Stress-timed

Syllable-timed

Rhythm

Stress-timed

Syllable-timed

Rhythm

Stress-timed

Syllable-timed

Pitch= auditory perception of frequency (high or low)

Intonation= rises and falls in pitch

Pitch = rises and falls in pitch

Intonation= auditory perception of frequency (high or low)