Which is the proper name of the ankle joint?
subtalar joint
tibiofemoral joint
talocrural joint
talocalcaneal joint
Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the neck to the right?
left sternocleidomastoid
right scalenes
right temporalis
left masseter
How many total bones are there in the foot?
22
24
28
29
Which movement would lengthen fibers of tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexion and inversion
dorsiflexion and eversion
planter flexion and inversion
planter flexion and eversion
What three muscles are apart of the deep posterior compartment of lower leg?
anterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus
anterior tibialis, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus
posterior tibialis, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibialis, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus
which muscle is located between the peroneals and anterior tibialis?
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus
poster tibialis
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallicus longus
What is the action of the peroneals?
inversion of ankle/foot
eversion of ankle/foot
dorsiflexion of the ankle
extension of the toes
What bony landmark should you first locate to palpate the plantaris
head of the fibula
pes anserine
tibial plateau
lateral epicondyle of the femur
medical epicondyle of the femur
what is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?
middle posterior surface of tibia
middle posterior surface of the fibula
lateral femoral epicondyle
proximal shaft of both tibia and fibula
Which tarsal bone articulates with the base of the 4th metatarsal?
1st cuneiform
2nd cuneiform
3rd cuneiform
Cuboid
navicular
what muscle is palpable just lateral to the tibia bone anteriorly?
tibialis posterior
peroneous brevis
peroneous longus
tibialis anterior
What two primary actions occur at the ankle when the deep posterior compartment muscles concentrically contract?
plantarflexion, inversion
planterflexion, eversion
dorsiflexion, inversion
dorsiflexion, eversion
What muscle is most superficial on posterior lower leg?
soleous
flexor digitorum brevis
gastrocnemius
What prominent bony landmark is located on the distal aspect of the tibia?
lateral malleolus
talus
sustenaculum tali
peroneal tubercle
medial malleous
The tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal is an attachment site for which muscle?
peroneus brevis
peroneus longus
The belly of the popliteus can be palpated along the edge of what bone?
tibia
femur
fibula
What is the action of the plantaris?
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
inversion
eversion
What is the primary action of the tibialis anterior?
What is the primary action of the flexor hallicus longus?
what is the primary action of the peroneus brevis?
What bone is the sustenaculum tali and peroneal tubercle found on?
calcaneus
Between the 1st and 2nd MT of the foot you can feel the pulse of which artery?
dorsalis pedis artery
anterior tibial artery
arcuate artery
peroneal artery
How many insertion sites does the tibialis posterior have on the foot? What are the insertion sites?
6
7
8
9
Large smooth concave area on the internal surface of ; allows for attatchment of hip flexor
anterior inferior iliac spine
linea aspera
iliac fossa
enlarged end of the proximal tibia; includes both medial and lateral condyles
gerdy's tubercle
lateral condyle
what is the longest muscle in the body?
sartorious
gracilis
rectus femoris
biceps brachii
what is the longest tendon in the body?
achilles tendon
plantaris tendon
calcaneal tendon
adductor magnus tendon
What is the strongest bone in the body?
projection that serves as attachment site for deltoid ligament
medial malleolus
attachment site for patellar tendon and quadriceps muscles
gluteal tuberosity
tibial tuberosity
cuboid
A deep, cup-shaped cavity; comprised by equal portions of the three hip bones
acetabulum
femoral head
sacrum
coccyx
What does the head of the femur articulate with? What is the joint formed?
coccyx, sacroiliac
sacrum, sacrospinous
acetabulum, coxofemoral
The quadriceps tendon is found slightly distal to patella while patellar tendon is extension of thigh muscles and is proximal to patella
The ________ of the femur is analogous to the trochlea of the humerus
medial condyle
The at the ankle extends further distally. This impacts inversion and eversion because it creates and ligaments don't have to while medial tendons have to
The quadriceps contracts in a(n) manner to decelerate knee flexion after landing from a jump. The insertion of the quadriceps at the via the patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon also can cause increased translation (sliding) of the tibia on the femur
The two primary ligaments affected during an inversion ankle sprain include the and the
During a high ankle sprain, an individual may have a sprain (stretching) of the , a connective tissue that holds the tibia and fibula together.
What are the three primary ligaments that support the coxofemoral joint?
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, sacroiliac
pubofemoral, sacrotuberous, ischiofemoral
ischiofemoral, sacroiliac, iliofemoral
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
What type of joint is the talocrucral joint of the ankle?
condyloid
hinge
ball and socket
gliding
What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint? What is the real name of this ligament?
condyloid joint, interosseous ligament
Fibrous joint, syndesmosis ligament
Pivot joint, syndesmosis ligament
fibrous joint, interosseous ligament
There are tarsal bones of the foot. All of them except the are bound firmly. The bones are the , , and the cuneiforms.
There are metatarsals and each phalange has ; except for the which only has the
What are the 4 deltoid ligaments that insert on the medial malleolus
posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar
calcaneofibular, anterior tibiofibular, posterior tibiotalar, anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular, anterior talofibular, anterior tibiofibular, tibionavicular
anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiofibular
What are the 3 distinct lateral bands of ankle ligaments?
anterior tibiofibular, calcaneofibular, anterior talofibular
anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, tibionavicular
anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular
The pelvic girdle is made up of 2 or bones and articulate with the and coccyx
What bone of the coxae is the most posterior and anterior?
ilium, ischium
ilium, pubis
ischium, pubis
pubis, ischium
What is the curve on the backside of the coxa?
ischial spine
ramus of ischium
greater sciatic notch
posterior inferior iliac spine
What is the strongest ligament in the body? Hint: y-shaped
coxofemoral
iliofemoral
patellar tendon
quadriceps tendon
The three hip ligaments are the pubofemoral, iliofemoral, and . The limits hyperextension while the limits medial rotation and sets the femur head into the acetabulum. The pubofemoral limits .
What is one stabilizer of the coxofemoral joint?
acetabulum labrum
ligamentum teres
pubofemoral
What is the long nerve the forms the tibial and common peroneal nerve?
olfactory nerve
femoral nerve
sciatic nerve
tibial nerve
What serves as the attachment site for the ligamentum teres?
distal femur
greater trochanter of femur
fovea capitis
what part of the femur articulates with the tibia?
adductor tubercle
lateral and medial condyle
Which of the adductor muscles inserts on the adductor tubercle?
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
pectineus
What type of bone is the patella?
flat
long
seasmoid
irregular
What is the proximal end of the tibia expanded into?
tibial plateaus
medial and lateral condyles
medial and lateral menisci
medial and lateral epicondyles
what is the main agonist for plantar flexion?
, and extensor hallicus longus all assist in dorsiflexion of the ankle
what muscle is a synergist to both eversion and dorsiflexion?
What muscle is a synergist to tibialis anterior on inversion?
what is the agonist to hip flexion?
sartorius
psoas major
iliacus
Which muscle group assists the gluetus maximus in hip extension?
quadriceps
hamstrings
adductors
abductors
The posterior fibers of the gluteus medius is the agonist to medial rotation of the hip
What muscles contract during hip adduction?
pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, adductor magnus
adductor Magnus, sartorius, pectineus, gluteus medius, gracilis
Tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus
Insertion site of the gluteus medius?
lesser trochanter
greater trochanter
What muscle, along with the gluteus medius, inserts on the greater trochanter?
piriformis
quadratus femoris
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
Difference between gluteus maximus and other two glute muscles?
performs hip flexion
performs hip extension
performs abduction
performs adduction
What does the rectus femoris insert on?
ASIS
AIIS
pubic tubercle
iliac spine
What is the most lateral hamstring muscle?
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
vastus medialis
Which of the adductor muscles are more proximal?
what is the most medial thigh muscle?
What muscles are found in the lateral compartments of the leg?
tibialis anterior, extensors
tibialis posterior, flexors
peroneus brevis/longus
gastrocnemius, soleus
The pons is located _______ relative to medulla oblongata
distal
inferior
proximal
superior
What carries blood away from heart to tissues and organs?
veins
arterioles
arteries
capillaries
What synovial joints allow for movement only in two planes-no more, no less than two planes of movement
hinge, saddle, pivot
ball and socket, condyloid, gliding
saddle, condyloid
hinge, saddle, pivot, ball and socket, condyloid, gliding
What is the tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue surrounding the diaphysis on the bone?
interosseous membrane
parietal tissue
endosteum
periosteum
articular cartilage
Which of the following processes is considered an articulating process?
trochanter
facet
spine
line
crest
When a muscle is contracting in a _____ manner, there is no joint movement that is occurring resulting in static contraction
eccentric
isotonic
isometric
concentric
How many bones are in the human skeleton?
194
206
231
255
What divides the front and parietal lobes?
medulla oblongata
insula
lateral sulcus
central sulcus
What is the most superficial covering on the spinal cord?
pia matter
dura matter
arachnoid matter
gray commisure
What is the heart inclosed by?
fibrous tissue
papillary muscle
pericardial sac
cardiac muscle
What is the t-tubles surrounded by within a muscle?
sarcolemma
terminal cisternae
A-band
nucleus
What part of the muscle disappears during contraction?
z-line
m-line
h-zone
The are the thin, or lighter bands within a muscle and inside is the while the are the thick filaments and surrounded by
What goes from z-line to z-line in a muscle?
sarcoplasic reticulum
sarcomere
a-band
ascending signals are motor signals that go to CNS
What part of the brain is responsible for visceral activity, such as heart rate?
pons
midbrain
cerebellum
What part of the brain is responsible for motor function?
cerebrum
What is the function of the cerebrum?
regulate rate and depth of breathing
visual and auditory reflexes
voluntary motor function
control center of visceral activity
If the pons was hurt, one would have trouble doing what?
walking
seeing
breathing
maintaining normal heart rate
Which of the rotator cuff muscles doesn't insert on the greater tubercle?
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor