Which of these can be found in the nucleus of an atom?
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Number of protons number of electrons
Elements in the same group have...
the same number of electrons in their outer shell
similar properties
the same atomic number
the same number of shells
The mass number is the total number of ❌ and neutrons
What's the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?
2
8
4
1
An ionic bond is formed between 2 non-metals.
Covalent bonding involves electrons.
Limestone thermally decomposes to produce ............ + carbon dioxide
calcium oxide
calcium hydroxide
water
limewater
Calcium carbonate reacts with acid to produce a calcium salt, carbon dioxide hydrogen oxygen( carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen ) and water.
Calcium oxide + water -----> ...........................?
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium carbonate
Limewater
Bubbling gas through limewater is the test for ..............?
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
limestone
Limestone can be used to make.....................?
cement
mortar
concrete
graphite
marble
What are some disadvantages of quarrying limestone?
Destroys habitats
Noise & dust pollution
Causes acid rain
It is cheap & quick
A metal ore is a rock which contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting metal from it
How will metals that are more reactive than carbon be extracted?
By electrolysis
By reduction with carbon
By smelting
By oxidation
Which of these can an electrolyte NOT be made of?
Metal salt solutions made from the ore
Molten metal oxides
Solid ore
In a solution of a dissolved metal compound, a more reactive metal with displace a less reactive metal as it bonds more less( more, less ) strongly to the compound.
Which of these describes the bioleaching process?
Bacteria separate copper from copper sulphide, get energy from the bond between them, separating the copper and leaving a leachate with copper.
Plants are grown in soil that contains copper, copper builds up inside leaves, plants are harvested, dried & burned, copper is collected from ash in furnace
What are some positives of metal extraction?
Provides local people with jobs
Provides us with useful products
Doesn't pollute the environment
Doesn't permanently damage the environment
What are some properties of all metals?
Strong
Can be bent/shaped
Can conduct heat/electricity
Low density
Corrosion-resistant
Iron that has come straight from the blast furnace contains what percentage of iron?
96%
100%
93%
90%
Bronze is made of ❌ and tin.
Why can crude oil be separated into different fractions?
It is a mixture of hydrocarbons
It contains hydrocarbon compounds
It contains elements in their pure forms
A hydrocarbon can be tapped when it reaches its ................... ?
Boiling point
Melting point
Hydrocarbons (alkanes) are chains of carbon atoms surrounded by atoms.
Which of the following are true? The shorter the molecule.......... (HINT: there are three!)
the less viscous it is
the more viscous it is
the more volatile it is
the less volatile it is
the more flammable it is
the less flammable it is
Why is crude oil a good fuel to use?
It burns cleanly
It is easier & cheaper
It is more reliable
It doesn't pollute
It is a renewable fuel
Which of these can be produced when burning a fossil fuel, other than carbon dioxide & water vapour?
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Which of these fuels are 'carbon neutral'?
Ethanol (made by fermentation)
Biodiesel
Hydrogen gas
Ethanol (made by hydration)
Cracking involves passing a vaporised hydrocarbon over a powdered catalyst at a high temperature. Which of the following are true?
Aluminium oxide is the catalyst used
Nickel is the catalyst used
The temperature is about 400*C - 700*C
The temperature is about 900*C - 1200*C
Alkenes contain a carbon double bond which means that they are unsaturated saturated( unsaturated, saturated ).
Which of these describes the fermentation process to produce ethanol?
sugar ----> ethanol + carbon dioxide
ethene + water vapour ----> ethanol
sugar ----> ethanol + water
The test for alkenes involves adding bromine water and, if an alkene is present, it will turn from colourless to brown.
What are the problems with the fermentation process?
It produces impure ethanol
It is a batch process
It is a continuous process
It uses a low temperature
Polymerisation involves joining together many monomers to form .
Which of these are uses of polymers?
Memory foam
Plastic bags
Car bodies
Sun cream
Wound dressings
Tooth fillings
Vegetable oils provide a lot of .
Why is it good that vegetable oils have high boiling points?
Foods can be cooked faster
Foods taste better
Foods are made healthier
Unsaturated Saturated( Unsaturated, Saturated ) oils contain a C=C double bond.
How can unsaturated oils be hardened?
React with hydrogen
React with water vapour
Nickel catalyst
Iron catalyst
60 degrees C
400 degrees C
Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are much better for you than saturated fats.
Which of these are correct about emulsifiers?
Emulsifier molecules have a hydrophilic head that is attracted to water
Emulsifier molecules have a hydrophobic tail that is attracted to oil
Emulsifier molecules have a hydrophilic tail that is attracted to water
Emulsifier molecules have a hydrophobic head that is attracted to oil
What evidence did Wegener use to come up with his theory of Continental Drift?
Similar fossils found on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean
The idea of land bridges
The coastlines of Africa & S. America seeming to 'match'
Matching layers found in rocks in different continents
Measuring the movements of the continents
Wegener's theory of Continental Drift: 300 million years ago, there was one (Pangaea) which broke into smaller continents which are still slowly drifting apart.
The mantle has all the properties of a but it can flow very slowly.
Radioactive decay in the Earth's core releases energy which causes the mantle to flow in convection currents - moving the tectonic plates.
Where did most of the carbon dioxide in the Earth's early atmosphere go?
Dissolved into the oceans
Absorbed by photosynthesis
'Locked up' in sedimentary rocks
What does the ozone layer do?
Blocks harmful rays from the Sun
Protect us from meteorites
Regulate our temperature
Miller-Urey experiment set up: Sealed , hydrogen, ammonia & methane into their apparatus & applied an electrical charge for a week.
Why is carbon dioxide removed before air is cooled to -200 degrees C in the fractional distillation of air?
It would freeze & block the pipes
It wouldn't condense
It must be distilled separately
