Which of the following are the three biggest reservoir species for Rabies in VA?
Bats
Raccoons
Foxes
Skunks
Rodents
Domestic animals
Identifying the Rabies serotype variants can be important in terms of:
Vaccine protocol, as the rabies vaccines are not cross-protective.
Treatment protocol, as some variants are curable while the others are invariable fatal.
Investigating the source of human exposure.
All of the above.
The incubation period of rabies is:
1-3 days
1-3 months
1-3 hours
1-5 days
Diagnosis of rabies is achieved via: (select all that apply)
Histopathology identifying the presence of Negri bodies in neurons
An ELISA test looking for serum antibodies
Clinical signs alone, as these are pathognomonic for rabies
Fluorescent antibody tests
______ appear refractory to the oral vaccines administered to wildlife.
Canine distemper is caused by:
A rhabdovirus
A morbilivirus from the family Paramyxoviridae
Exposure to periods of extreme heat or cold
A combined infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida
Canine distemper is an important disease for grey foxes more than it is for red foxes.
For a raccoon that is out in the middle of the day, you're number one diagnosis would be _____, and your number 2 diagnosis would be _____
Rabies; Sarcoptic Mange
Rabies; Canine Distemper
Canine Distemper; Rabies
Sarcoptic Mange; Rabies
There are 4 major body systems associated with canine distemper. Which are they?
Reproductive
Respiratory
GI
Urinary
Nervous system
Skin
Which of the following is true regarding the pathogenesis of canine distemper? Select all that apply.
The incubation period is 14-18 days
The incubation period is 6-8 months
The virus replicates in respiratory lymphatic tissue
The virus replicates in peripheral axons of the PNS
Spread to other tissues is often through the lymphatic channels
Spread to other tissues is often hematogenous
Like rabies, vaccination protocols for canine distemper in wildlife consist of dropping baits laced with oral vaccine in highly prevalent areas.
Like distemper, sarcoptic mange generally affects grey foxes moreso than red foxes.
Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange can be made via: (select all that apply)
The classic signs of alopecia, flaky fetid material in fur, and thickening of the skin, which may not be pathognomonic but are highly suggestive
Visualization of morulae on peripheral blood smears
Visualization of the Sarcoptes scabiei on skin scrapings
Heavy profliferation of foot pad skin is pathognomonic for mange
The serotypes capable of causing hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer include: (select all that apply)
BT2
BT10
BT11
BT13
BT17
Hemorrhagic disease occurs most often during late summer to early fall. This is due mostly to
Breeding season, which increases contact time for infected deer.
Food competition, which increases contact time for infected deer.
This is the life span of the culicoides species that transmits the disease.
None of the above are correct.
Hemorrhagic disease is the most problematic disease of white-tailed deer.
This clinical finding would lead you to suspect hemorrhagic disease above any other:
Pulmonary edema
Hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery
Edema of the head, neck, tongue, and conjunctiva
Oral cyanosis
Wild carnivores are generally infected by tuberculosis following which of the general routes of "spillover"?
Cattle -> wild deer -> carnivores
Wild deer -> cattle -> culicoides -> carnivores
Cattle -> wild deer -> culicoides -> carnivores
None of the above, carnivores are naturally infected with tuberculosis.
