Communities and Ecosystems

a community and its abiotic environment

a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offsrping

a group of organisms of the same species in the same area at the same time

organisms that live in or on non-living matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the produce from digestion

a group of organisms of the same species in the same area at the same time

the environment a species normally lives or the location of a living organism

the study of relationships between living organisms and organisms and their environment

a community and its abiotic environment

a group of organisms of the same species in the same area at the same time

the environment a species normally lives or the location of a living organism

the study of relationships between living organisms and organisms and their environment

a community and its abiotic environment

a group of organisms of the same species in the same area at the same time

the environment a species normally lives or the location of a living organism

the study of relationships between living organisms and organisms and their environment

a community and its abiotic environment

a group of organisms of the same species in the same area at the same time

the environment a species normally lives or the location of a living organism

the study of relationships between living organisms and organisms and their environment

a community and its abiotic environment

an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms

an organism that digests non-living matter

an organism that synthesises organic molecules as its food source

an organism that obtains food by feeding on living/recently killed matter

an organism that obtains food by feeding on living/recently killed matter

an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms

an organism that synthesises organic molecules as its food source

an organism that ingests non-living matter

an organism that ingests non-living matter

an organism that obtains food by feeding on other organisms

an organism that lives on/in non-living matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the produce from digestion

an organism that synthesises organic molecules for it food source

an organism that lives on/in non-living matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the produce from digestion

an organism that ingests non-living matter

an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organism

an organism that obtains food by feeding on living/recently killed matter

an organism that lives on/in non-living matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the produce from digestion

an organism that ingests non-living matter

an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organism

an organism that obtains food by feeding on living/recently killed matter

an organism that obtains food by feeding on living/recently killed matter

a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area

an organism that ingests non-living matter

a group of organisms of the same species in the same area at the same time

a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area

a group of organisms of the same species in the same place at the same time

the environment a species normally lives or the location of a living organism

a community and it abiotic environment

A food chain shows the linear feeding relationships between species in a community

A food chain shows the interaction between species in a habitat

The arrows represent the transfer of energy and matter as one organism is eaten by another

The first organism in the sequence is the consumer, followed by producers

The first organism in the sequence is the producer, followed by consumers

A food web is a diagram that shows how food chains are linked together into more complex feeding relationships within a community

There can only be one producer in a food web. The consumers can occupy multiple positions in the trophic levels

There can be more than one producer in a food web, and consumers can occupy multiple positions in the trophic levels

Energy enters most communities as light, where it is absorbed by autotrophs (e.g. plants) and converted into chemical energy via photosynthesis

Energy enters most communities as light, where it is absorbed by heterotrophs (e.g. animals) and converted into chemical energy via photosynthesis

Only ~10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, the rest is lost

Energy then gets passed to the primary consumer (herbivore) when they eat the plant, and then gets passed to successive consumers (carnivores) as they are eaten in turn

Because ~90% of energy is lost between trophic levels, the number of trophic levels are limited as energy flow is reduced at higher levels

All green plants, and some bacteria, use light as a source of energy for synthesising organic molecules

All green plants, animals, and some bacteria, use light as a source of energy for synthesising organic molecules

All green plants, and bacteria, use light as a source of energy for synthesising organic molecules

The energy transfer is never 100% efficient

Each level of the pyramid of energy should be approximately one tenth the size of the level preceding it, as energy transformations are ~10% efficient

Typically, energy transformations in living things are ~90% efficient, with about 10% of the energy lost between trophic levels

Pyramids of energy will never appear inverted as some of the energy stored in one source is always lost when transferred to the next source

This energy may be lost as heat, be used up during cellular respiration, be excreted in faeces or remain unconsumed as the uneaten part of food