What were the physical features of the Great Plains?
rolling prairies, south of the Missouri River
rough, semi arid, lands, at the foot of the Rocky Mountains
east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, parched deserts
treeless, nearly flat with grassy hillocks, from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
All of the following describe the life of the Plains Indians EXCEPT...
men held positions of authority, cleared grounds for farming, supervised ceremonial activities, hunters; women did domestic work, reared children, gatherers, had roles in political, economic, and religious activities
tribes and bands depended horses for transportation and buffalos for weapons, fuel for fire, food, housing, clothing, glue
tribes of thousands broke down into bands of hundreds who all spoke the same dialects and were often dependent on one another
fierce warriors, fighting between tribes and/or bands took place as brief skirmishes or small raids
The Indian Intercourse Act of 1834 was a policy that...
prohibited white men from entering Indian land without a license
assigned definite boundaries to each Indian tribe
small reservations for Indian tribes to civilize them up to American standards
exchanged land for assimilation
The 1851 Concentration Policy defined boundaries allotted to each Indian Tribe
The Peace Commissions Policy, or the policy of "small reservations", continued the construction of the Bozeman Trail, and set up small reservations to civilize Native Americans.
The 1871 Assimilation Policy ended the practice of making treaties with Native Americans, and assimilate them into their culture instead of civilizing them
Which of the following describes the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?
divided tribal lands into small plots for distribution among Native Americans
any extra land not given away was sold to white settlers with the profits going towards Native American schools
American citizenship was given to Native Americans who accepted their land, lived away from their tribes, and assimilated
government kept Native American lands in their trusts for 25 years to keep them from falling into the hands of speculators
What was the most significant blow to Indian tribal life?
forced into reservations
settlers taking their land and supplies
diseases brought over by white settlers and explorers
extermination of the buffalo
Which of the following best describes the Homestead Act of 1862?
160 acres of land to those who planted trees on a quarter of the land within four years
160 acres of land to those who paid a registration fee and pledged to live on and cultivate the land for five years
family heads received 160 acres of land, single adults 80 acres, and children received 40 acres of land
buy up to 160 acres of land for $1.25 per acre, provided that they irrigate part of the bought land in three years
The Timber Culture Act of 1873 added on the Homestead Act stating that settlers could claim up to an additional 160 acres only if they planted trees on a quarter of the land within four years.
The Desert Land Act of 1877 allowed settlers to buy up to 160 acres for $1.25 per acre providing they irrigate part of the land by three years of ownership.
The Timber and Stone Act of 1878 allowed settlers to buy up to 160 acres for $2.50 an acre provided that they removed a part of the timber or stone within three years.
What was the largest landowning group in the west?
oil companies
steel companies
mining companies
railroad companies
Which of the following describes the major components of territorial government in the West?
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (established rules on how territories became states)
president appointed governor and judges in each territory while Congress detailed their duties, set their budgets, and oversaw their activities
until statehood, territorial government depended on the federal government and national political parties funneled government funds into territorial economies
All of the above
Which of the following does not describe the Spanish influences in southwestern life and institutions?
brought new mining, stock raising, ranching methods, and irrigated farming techniques along with new laws, burros, chaps
created legal framework for distributing land and water and the distinctive shape of society ( men headed households, women kept full control of property owned before marriage along and held half title to property in a marriage)
modified economic caste system, strong Protestant influence, primary use of Spanish language
established present day economic structure of the Southwest
What were some of the major mining strikes between 1848 to 1876?
Pikes Peak, Colorado and Carson River Valley, Nevada in 1859
Klondike Gold Rush, 1876
1874-1876, Black Hills, Dakota Territory
California Gold Rush of 1849, Big Bonanza in 1873, Sierra Nevada
What were some of the natural and economical problems farmers faced in the West?
severe droughts, declining crop prices, swarms of locusts
harsh winters, severe droughts in summers, low crop prices, rising railroad rates
declining crop prices, rising railroad rates, heavy mortgages, severe droughts, harsh winters, locusts, farmers gave up and left
severe droughts, farmers gave up and left, declining crop prices, rising railroad rates, heavy mortgages
What was dry farming?
farmers planted crops that could survive without watering
farmers plowed furrows 12-14 inches deep to
farmers plowed furrows 12-14 inches deep and created dust mulch to fill the furrows to fertilize their crops
farmers plowed furrows 12-14 inches deep and created dust mulch to fill the furrows, loosened soil to slow evaportaion
What new farming methods/inventions developed in the American West to help farmers?
imported a variety of European crops to withstand the harsh winters, and new inventions such as iron plows, spring toothed harrow, grain drill, lister, baling press, hay loader, cord binder, barbed wire, bonanza farms
new inventions such as iron plows, spring toothed harrow, grain drill, lister, baling press, hay loader, cord binder, barbed wire
dry farming, new inventions such as iron plows, spring toothed harrow, grain drill, lister, baling press, hay loader, cord binder, barbed wire
dry farming, new inventions such as iron plows, spring toothed harrow, grain drill, lister, baling press, hay loader, cord binder, barbed wire, bonanza farms
Which of the following were physical and nature-related problems farmers faced in the West....
earthquakes wreaked havoc upon crops and homes
farmers lived in sod houses, distant from each other
lumber, water, and fences were scarce
fearsome winter storms, harsh spring rainstorms, hot summers, swarms of locusts
In cowboy societies back in the West, the rules were governed and enforced, and penalties were issued if broken.
What events did cattle ranchers adopt rules on during drives?
cattle ownership, roundups, meal allowance
cattle ownership, branding, guard duty
cattle ownership, pay, meal allowance
cattle ownership, branding, roundups
What best describes the typical mining camp of the 19th century?
simple democracy, after strikes, workers organized mining district and adopted rules governing behavior, size and boundaries of claims, and settling disputes
men outnumbered women, mixed with foreign born immigrants
laws were enforced, minor criminals banished, major offenses were hung after being judged by the district
all of the above
Farmers encouraged open range and left land unused for cattle ranchers.
What is the correct order of the steps in the development of the cattle industry?
Joseph G McCoy had the idea and of using railroads to move cattle, vaqueros developed essential techniques to cattle herding, cowboys began to move cattle by the thousands
vaqueros developed essential techniques to cattle herding, Joseph G McCoy had the idea and of using railroads to move cattle, cowboys began to move cattle by the thousands
Joseph G McCoy had the idea and of using railroads to move cattle, cowboys began to move cattle by the thousands, vaqueros developed essential techniques to cattle herding
vaqueros developed essential techniques to cattle herding, cowboys began to move cattle by the thousands, Joseph G McCoy had the idea and of using railroads to move cattle
