What's the difference between a scalar and a vector?

What name is given to a vector formed by adding vectors together?

If a body is in equilibrium, what is the sum of all the forces acting on it?

What is a moment?

What name is given to the moment applied by a couple?

What is the centre of mass of an object?

Where should the centre of mass of an object lie so it doesn't topple?

What's the velocity of an object?

What's the acceleration of an object?

What are the 4 suvat equations for constant acceleration?

What kind of motion does a curved displacement-time graph show?

What kind of motion does a straight line on a displacement-time graph show?

How would you calculate the velocity of an object from its displacement-time graph?

What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph tell you?

How is uniform acceleration shown on a velocity-time graph?

What does the area under a velocity-time graph tell you?

How is non-uniform acceleration shown on a velocity-time graph?

State Newton's three laws of motion, and briefly explain what they mean.

What's the only force present in free-fall motion?

What's free-fall motion called when the object is given an initial velocity?

In what direction does a frictional force act?

What is friction causes by a fluid called?

What can you say about the frictional forces and the driving forces acting on an object when it reaches terminal velocity?

How does a skydiver reduce his or her terminal velocity?

What's transferred when work is done?

Power is the rate of doing what?

What's the principle of conservation of energy?

How is the efficiency of a machine defined in terms of power?

What is Hooke's law?

What is the formula for Hooke's law, and define all the symbols used.

What is meant by the elastic limit of a material?

What is meant by the limit of proportionality for a material?

What does it mean if a material is deforming elastically?

What does it mean if a material is deforming plastically?

What is meant by tensile stress, tensile strain, and breaking stress?

Explain how you would find the elastic strain energy stored by a stretched material using its force-extension graph?

What is the formula that relates the elastic strain energy, force, and extension of a stretched material obeying Hooke's Law?

What are the units of the Young modulus?

Name four values you would need to measure when carrying out an experiment to find the Young modulus of a wire.

What does the gradient of a stress-strain graph tell you?

What does the area under a straight stress-strain graph tell you?

What is the difference between a material at the elastic limit and the limit of proportionality?

What is the yield point of a material?

What is a brittle material?

Do brittle materials obey Hooke's law? Explain.

Give an example of a brittle material.

What is brittle fracture?

How does a wave transfer energy through a medium?

What causes a wave to refract?

Which of the following measurements can take a negative value? Displacement or amplitude?

State what the units of the following properties of waves are measured in: Displacement, amplitude, and frequency.

How would you calculate the frequency of a wave, given its period?

What does c stand for in the equation c = fλ?

What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave?

Give an example of a transverse and longitudinal wave.

What happens when you put two polarising filters at right angles in front of a beam of light?

What happens to unpolarised light when it is reflected?

Explain how Polaroid sunglasses reduce glare.

Other that polarising sunglasses, give one example of how polarised waves are relevant to everyday life.

What is the refractive index of a material?

What is the formula for calculating the refractive index of a material, and what does each part of the equation represent?

In what way will light bend if it passes at and angle into a medium with a higher refractive index than the material it just left?

What do we mean by the critical angle of a boundary of two materials?

Give three advantages of using optical fibres for communication.

What does the principle of superposition say?

Describe constructive interference.

What is total destructive interference?

What is the phase difference of two points on a wave?

When are two points on a wave exactly out of phase?

What does it mean for two waves to be in phase?

How is a stationary wave formed?

Does a stationary wave transfer energy?

Describe what a resonant frequency of a string is.

Describe a string vibrating at its second harmonic.

What sort of waves diffract?

What sort of gap would you expect to produce the most diffraction?

What is monochromatic light?

What property of laser light means that it will produce a clearer diffraction pattern than white light?

What sort of interference is responsible for the bright fringes on a diffraction pattern produced by laser light passing through a single slit?

What does it mean for two wave sources to be coherent?

What is meant by the path difference of two waves?

At what path differences will you see constructive interference?

What must be true of two wave sources if they produce a clear, standard two-source interference pattern?

How can you create two coherent sources of sound waves?

How can you create two coherent sources of light waves?

What is Young's double-slit formula which links fringe spacing (w), wavelength (λ), distance between slits (s) and distance between slits and screen (D)?

What's a diffraction grating?

Why is it often better to use a diffraction grating instead of a double-slit set-up?

What's the zero order line of a diffraction grating experiment?

What would happen to the interference pattern produced if you increased the wavelength of light transmitted through a diffraction grating?

Why is a spectrum formed when white light passes through a diffraction grating?

Give one use for line spectra in science.