what are the three main electrolytes that extracellular fluids contain?

what are the three main electrolytes that intracellular fluids contain?

whats a dogs and cats average osmolarity?

what are the signs of a 5-6% dehydration?

what are the signs of 7-10% dehydration?

what are the signs of 10-12% dehydration?

what are the signs of 12-15% dehydration?

What are the three main crystalloids?

What electrolytes does 0.9% saline contain?

What electrolytes do ringers contain?

what electrolytes does heartmans contain?

Why is heartmans not suitable for sever liver diseased animals?

When is heart mans not suitable?

which animals is saline particularly good for?

When is Saline not the best choice?

What techniques may be used to give fluids?

Why is 5% dextrose useless?

When should fluids NOT be given?

what is the concentration of Na and K needed in maintenance fluids?

what are the signs of hypovolemic shock?

How is SIRS caused?

what does SIRS stand for and what can it lead to?

If an animal is haemorrhaging at what point should fluids be given?

What are the following rates when using crystalloids:
a)maintenance
b)shock rate for cats
c)shock rate for dogs

what are the following rates when using colloids:
a)maintenance
b)cat rate
c)dog rate

what are the most common colloids available for use?

whats the difference between pentastarch and haemacel?

what is the pros and cons of haemacel?

what are the pros of pentastarch?

when are colloids recommended?

what are the recommended drugs for hypovolemic shock?