murat sertay
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social saved (Finished ) Quiz am Perspectives on Relationships, erstellt von murat sertay am 15/08/2016.

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Perspectives on Relationships

Frage 1 von 66

1

In relationships, we as individuals do not really care about fairness in relationships, as long as personal gain is in our favour.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 66

1

Hatfield, Utne, and Traupmann (1999) interviewed newly-married couples and how they felt about the current statuses of their marriage in relation to the effort that they put in.

Are we more content when we are over-benefited, under-benefited, or equitably treated?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Over-benefited.

  • Under-benefited.

  • Equitably treated.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 66

1

Guilt in a relationship, particularly for women, is highest when...

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • We over-benefit from it.

  • We under-benefit from it.

  • We are equitably treated.

  • Others see how balanced our relationship is.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 66

1

Anger in a relationship is highest when...

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • We are over-benefited.

  • We are under-benefited.

  • We are equitably treated.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 66

1

People stay in a relationship only when the profit or payoff is higher than when they believe it is better than with someone else (Thibaut & Kelley, 1955).

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 66

1

Individuals who discover that their relationships are unbalanced will often try to restore equity (Hatfield, Berscheid & Walster, 1976).

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 66

1

According to Hatfield, Rapson, and Aumer-Ryan (2007) when are the concerns of fairness the most pertinent in a relationship?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The beginning.

  • When it looks to be ending.

  • Consistently across the span of it.

  • There aren't really any times.

  • Both at the beginning and when it looks to be ending.

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 66

1

Some have criticised the authenticity of research involving equity theory in relationships, citing that it generally happens in unbalanced (or unhappy) relationships that concerns about fairness are more prominent.

Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 66

1

In the Aumer-Ryan (et al., 2007) study, when did the Jamaican participants feel satisfaction most compared to American participants?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • When they over-benefited.

  • When they under-benefited.

  • When they were also equitably treated.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 66

1

"People tend not to compare their own relationships with others and focus, individually, on all the variables and circumstances surrounding their own" (Buunk, Oldersma & De Dreu, 2001).

Is this statement true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 66

1

Wong and Goodwin (2009) conducted qualitative research on relationships in three different cultures (United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Beijing).

Which of the following were the most important for Chinese and Hongkongese relationships? Select the appropriate, as there is more than one answer.

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Companionship.

  • Equity.

  • Consolidation.

  • Characterisation.

  • Harmony.

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 66

1

According to Wong and Goodwin (2009), British couples find that is the most important aspect of a relationship, whilst Hongkongese and Chinese value more.

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    companionship
    trust
    attraction
    equity
    harmony
    codependency
    love
    family

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 66

1

Are the six definitions of love, as highlighted by Watts and Stenner (2013), built on traditional masculine and feminine values, or are they fluid and ever-changing?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Traditional values.

  • Fluid and ever-changing.

  • Both.

  • Neither.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 66

1

Milnes (2010) argues that society's ideological constructions of sexuality for males and females have an inherent double standard. Men are seen as active, wild, and generally uncontrollable, meanwhile, women are seen as passive and reactive.

Men generally excused for potential promiscuity, because of these constructions, compared to women. Is this statement true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 66

1

Boonzaier (2008) interviewed male and female couples in which there had been histories of abuse suffered by the women that were inflicted by their male partners.

What was the main draw from her findings?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • That the men positioned themselves as victims.

  • That the men positioned women as victims.

  • That the women blamed their partners.

  • That the women blamed themselves.

  • Both blamed each other.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 66

1

Jealousy is often a single event in a relationship, rather than found to be developed from a series of previous events.

Is this statement true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 66

1

Membership categorisation (MCD) devices can be used to denote particular stereotypes to characteristics of other individuals. For example, Stokoe (2010) observed discourses in conversation about men from two women.

"That's men," Sophie said. "That's what James was like on Sunday". The MCD is not about the individual in particular, but about the membership of James and men in general.

True or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 66

1

According to Butler (1990), gender is .

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    performative
    rigid
    fluid
    irrelevant
    unnecessary

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 66

1

Butler (1990) believes that identity is singular, fixed, and that they shape our gender relevant behaviours. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 66

1

"Our available lexicon of sexuality and relationships both makes available and delimits who, what, and how we can be"

Butler (1989, 1999, 2004) wrote this. True or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 66

1

According to Butler (1989, 1999, 2004) gender is non-binary, and there are some definitions of sexuality and identity that cannot be defined. True or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 66

1

Select the definition that best describes the equity theory.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • We balance what is fair in a cost-reward ratio in accordance to both (or more parties) and ensure that these is maximum fairness and balance.

  • We determine what is best for us when balancing resources in negotiations between two parties.

  • We ensure that the other party has a fairer share before thinking of ourselves when negotiating resources.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 66

1

Select the definition that best describes the exchange theory.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • We act on a cost-reward basis in our interactions with others, particularly in relationships, but what will give us the greatest profit in doing so.

  • We try to exchange with others, in terms of interaction, with what will benefit us the most.

  • We ensure that people other than ourselves perceive us in higher social standing after negotiating higher cost-reward in their benefit during interactions.

  • All of the above.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 66

1

"For the equity theory, research is often very artificial. They are usually held within inauthentic settings and tend to revolve around business games where one party goes as far to help the others as much as they have been helped themselves. Therefore, it's not widely generalisable to personable, human interaction and relationships" (Wilke & Lanzetta, 1970).

Is this statement true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 66

1

Reproductive fitness refers to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mates that have the optimum chance of passing one's own genes through to their offspring

  • Mates who have the optimum opportunities to reproduce a number of offspring

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 66

1

According to the evolutionary process between sexual partners, is it the more positive or negatively related preferences are to sexual preferences that genes are passed on?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The more negatively related, the fewer genes that are passed on

  • The more negatively related, the more genes that are passed on

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 66

1

According to the Buss (1989) study, are there sex-linked preferences between males and females?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes, there are

  • No, there are not

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 66

1

For Buss (1989), sex-linked preferences refer to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • What is desirable in a potential mate for a person making the judgement

  • What is undesirable in a potential mate for a person making the judgement

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 66

1

Who of the two sexes is investing more in human reproduction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Males

  • Females

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 66

1

Buss (1989) suggested that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cultural differences (etc) exert powerful effects on the value attached to chastity

  • Cultural differences (etc) have no effect at all on the value of chastity

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 66

1

According to Stone, Shackleford, and Buss (2008), countries with poor health had preferences for:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Financial security

  • Good health

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 66

1

According to Chu (et al., 2007) females showed a consistent preference for attractive males of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Medium status rather than high status

  • High status rather than medium status

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 66

1

Which sex, according to Shackleford (et al., 2005) prefers "dependability, stability, education, and intelligence" more?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Men

  • Women

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 66

1

Which impact what, according to Confer (et al., 2010)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Culture impacts evolution

  • Evolution impacts culture

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 66

1

According to Wheeler and Kim (1997), Koreans Americans find what attractive?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Social skills, friendliness, and well-adjusted pictures with others

  • Social withdrawal, hostility, and generally negative attitudes

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 66

1

According to Festinger, Schachter, and Back (1950) and propinquity, were participants' closest friends living nearer to them or further apart?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Nearer to them

  • Further apart

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 66

1

According to research (Bornstein, 1989; Bornstein & D'Agostino, 1992; Moreland & Beach, 1992), did participants attend classes the more they liked or disliked the confederates?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They attended classes the more they liked the confederates

  • They attended classes they less that they liked the confederates

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 66

1

According to Heider (1958) and the balance theory, we are motivated to achieve a state of equilibrium. Therefore:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • We like those that we share similar attitudes with, and dislike those that we don't

  • We like those that we do not share similar attitudes with, and dislike those who do

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 66

1

According to Byrne (1971) and the law of attraction:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The proportion of shared attitudes is correspondent with the level of attraction

  • The proportion of misaligned attitudes is correspondent with the level of attraction

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 66

1

According to Jones, Pelham, Carvalho, and Mirenberg (2004), was there a significant or non-significant matching between people sharing the same surname prior to marriage

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Significant matching

  • Non-significant matching

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 66

1

Jones (et al., 2004) found in similarity research that those who had experimental codes similar to their birth dates or surnames were:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Had a greater liking for each other

  • Had a greater hostility towards others

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 66

1

According to Singh (et al., 2007), does how someone is personally evaluated have a significant effect? Does it increase attraction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes, it does

  • No, it does not

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 66

1

According to research (Riela, Rodriguez, Aron, Xu & Acevedo, 2010; Riela, et al., 2010) similarity is not as influential as perceived liking. Riela (et al., 2010) found that white Americans and Asian Americans were less or more fond of "liking each other" and "familiarity"?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • More fond of reciprocal liking

  • Less fond of reciprocal liking

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 66

1

Reciprocal liking refers to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mutual liking between two people

  • Mutual dislike between two people

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 66

1

According to Wood and Brumbaugh (2009), assortative mating is the idea that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • People seek out partners who share certain characteristics with themselves

  • People seek out partners who do not share the same characteristics as they do

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 66

1

According to research (Buss & Barnes, 1986; Geary, Vigil & Byrd-Craven, 2004), market forces refer to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The 'market value' of a potential mate that are perceived by others when looking for people

  • The forces of the markets in which evolutionary psychology attempts to search

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 66

1

According to Wood and Brumbaugh (2009), do men show strong consensual concern for physical characteristics?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they do not

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 66

1

Wood and Brumbaugh (2009) found through their research that there is or is not a consensus for what traits are desirable in sexual partners?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • There is a consensus

  • There is no consensus, at all

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 66

1

According to Dickerson (2012), does your heightened state of arousal or excitation shape how you understand your feelings about meeting someone?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they do not

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 66

1

The excitation transfer refers to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The misattribution of a state of arousal

  • The attribution of state or arousal

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 66

1

In the Dutton and Aron (1974), who called the experimenter after the study more?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Those on the precarious bridge

  • Those on the safe bridge

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 66

1

According to Cohen and Waugh (1989), those leaving 'suspense thriller' films were more or less aroused? For example, holding hands more, touching (etc).

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • More aroused

  • Less aroused

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 66

1

Meston and Frohlich (2003) found that ratings for attractiveness of a photograph were higher or lower for which group?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Higher for the post-ride group

  • Higher for the pre-ride group

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 66

1

The ________ ________ is an idea that our motivation to enter and remain in relationships is driven by our assessment of the profit (rewards - costs) of doing so. Our behaviour is thus driven by seeking to maximise our profit. Profit, in this context, can include any perceived net benefits, not just financial ones.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Exchange theory

  • Equity theory

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 66

1

Rational actor refers to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The idea that human behaviour can be made sense of in terms of individuals rationally purusing what they perceive to be their own self-interest

  • The idea that human behaviour can be made sense of in terms of individuals not rationally acting in what they want, but what others want

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 66

1

The ________ ________ is an idea that people are motivated by a concern with both maximising their outcomes (like the other theory) and (unlike the other theory) with fairness. The concern with fairness is understood as a particularly important issue for understanding partners' satisfaction or distress within a relationship.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Equity theory

  • Exchange theory

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 66

1

According to the Adams (1965) formula, outcome rewards minus outcome costs are ________ by perceived input.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Divided

  • Multiplied

  • Added

  • Subtracted

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 66

1

According to Adams (1965), the more a person feels that they contribute to the relationship (input), the more or less they feel that they deserve to receive in terms of outcomes and inputs?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • More they feel

  • Less they feel

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 66

1

Pillemer, Hatfield, and Sprecher (2008) found that, in a study of women aged between 50 and 82, that women were their most content when:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Over-benefiting

  • Under-benefiting

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 66

1

According to Austin and Walster (1975), are individuals more concerned with equity in totality or equity in only some places

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Totality

  • Some places

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 66

1

Attributions can be understood as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Definitions

  • Causations

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 66

1

Stander, Hsiung and McDermaid (2001) found that marriages rated as "conflictual" had higher or lower incidences of distress-maintaining attributions?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Higher level of incidences

  • Lower levels of incidences

Erklärung

Frage 63 von 66

1

Fincham, Harold, and Gano-Phillips (2000) asserted that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Attributions concerning partner behaviour shape relationship satisfaction

  • Attributions concerning partner behaviour do not shape relationship satisfaction at all

Erklärung

Frage 64 von 66

1

Available discourses refer to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Culturally available constructions about how things are

  • Culturally available constructions about how the world should be

Erklärung

Frage 65 von 66

1

Ideological implications refer to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Versions of the world that are constructed, and their consequences, in being a type of person (eg, male, female)

  • Versions of the world that others do not see but yourself

Erklärung

Frage 66 von 66

1

Interactional implications are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Implications with an immediate interaction

  • Implications that do not have an immediate interaction

Erklärung