Infant Perceptual Development

Frage 1 von 80

1

Empiricists saw newborns as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Tabula rasa
Innately born with traits and characteristics
Shaped by their parents' traits and characteristics
Yet to be shaped by the social environment that they would live in

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Frage 2 von 80

1

Empiricists believe that children learn their behaviours, traits and characteristics, and don't inherit them. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 3 von 80

1

Nativists saw newborns as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Tabula rasa
Innately born with traits and characteristics
Yet to be shaped by the social environment in which they will live
Born with the traits and characteristics from their parents

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Frage 4 von 80

1

For infant children in their early perceptual development, sensation is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Exploring themselves and their environment with their senses
Exploring their own emotions and sensations from what they feel
Understanding how objects exist and the sensations that they get from interacting with them
All of the above
None of the above

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Frage 5 von 80

1

For infant children in their perceptual development, perception is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Interpretation through their brain's sensory input
What they see and can do with themselves to interact with it
Understanding the world that they inhabit

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Frage 6 von 80

1

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for an infant's sensory processing?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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Frage 7 von 80

1

When are infants' vision the least developed?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

At birth
At 2 months old
At 6 months old
At 12 months old
At 18 months old

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Frage 8 von 80

1

According to Fantz (1961) infants prefer:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Patterned shapes
Unpatterned shapes
Both
Neither

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Frage 9 von 80

1

According to Fantz, infants prefer:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Symmetrical lines
Assymetrical lines

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Frage 10 von 80

1

According to Fantz (1961), infants prefer:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Curved lines
Straight lines
Both
Neither

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Frage 11 von 80

1

Neonates can differentiate between different types of patterns. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 12 von 80

1

Habituation is when an infant stares at an object for a period of time. When they are bored, they look away. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 13 von 80

1

How long does it take for newborns to habituate to new stimuli?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Less than a minute
Between one and two minutes
Two minutes
Several minutes

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Frage 14 von 80

1

When infants reach around 4 or 5 months, their information processing reduces by how much?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
1 minute
2 minutes

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Frage 15 von 80

1

Why do newborns take longer, at 2 months old, to habituate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Because they are cognitively slower than they have ever been
Because they are more easily distracted
Because there is less novelty about the stimuli that they are presented with
Their visual processing has improved significantly and there is more information to process

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Frage 16 von 80

1

Wähle von der Dropdown-Liste, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement ( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment ( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

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Frage 17 von 80

1

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move.

What does this say about operant conditioning?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Infants understand operant conditioning before they are 6 months old. By kicking, it shows that, in context-dependent situations, they can perform behaviours relative to previous events
Her findings were inconclusive as they were too often found to be shown in some infants, but not in others
Infants still need a few more months before they can understand behaviours related to operant conditioning. Even when the baby kicked the first time, it didn't necessarily correlate to activating the mobile, context-dependent or otherwise
None of the above

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Frage 18 von 80

1

Rovee-Collier's (1999) research showed that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Babies can learn through their own behaviour quickly the consequences of their actions
Some babies can learn through their own behaviour quickly the consequences of their actions
Very few babies can obtain the understanding of operant conditioning as quickly as others, takes a longer time
She didn't find anything significant

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Frage 19 von 80

1

Which of the following areas of the eyes in babies is the least developed as they grow?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Fovea
Cone cells
Retina
Optic nerve
All of the above

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Frage 20 von 80

1

At what point do infants obtain vision comparable to adults?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Before 6 months old
Before 12 months old
At 2 years old
At 3 years old

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Frage 21 von 80

1

In pattern perception, infants only a few weeks old:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Focus on single, high contrast patterns and features
Focus on many, high contrast patterns and features
Focus on single, low contrast patterns and features
Focus on many, low contrast patterns and features

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Frage 22 von 80

1

A baby would be able to recognise their mother in their second day of life. However, would they be able to if her face was partially occluded?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

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Frage 23 von 80

1

In facial recognition, one-month old infants will naturally focus on:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Facial edges (e.g. hair, chin)
Distinctive features (e.g. scars, blemishes)
All natural facial features

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Frage 24 von 80

1

In facial recognition, two-month-old infants will have had better contrast sensitivity and ocular-motor control. This means that they now focus on:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

The facial edges (e.g. hair, chin)
Distinctive features (e.g. scars, blemishes)
All parts of the face, particularly eyes and mouth

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Frage 25 von 80

1

At 3 weeks old, an infant's pattern perception:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefer large, simple patterns
Can detect detail in complex patterns and their internal features
Can detect patterns, even if boundaries are not present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 80

1

At 2 months old, an infant's pattern perception:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Has poor contrast sensitivity, and prefers large simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan their internal features
Can detect boundaries in patterns, even if they are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 80

1

At 4 months old, an infant's pattern perception:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefers large, simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan them for internal features
Can detect pattern boundaries, even if they are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 80

1

At 12 months old, an infant's pattern perception

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefers large, simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan them for internal features
Can detect patterns even if the boundaries are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 80

1

A baby is presented with a standard, natural face, and a jumbled face. When the faces are moved across their visual fields, which do they follow longer?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

The normal face
The jumbled face

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Frage 30 von 80

1

Why, according to Morton and Johnson, might a baby follow a normal face for longer than one that is jumbled?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

They prefer, attentionally, those that are the same as them (evolutionary perspective)
They have been habituated to the stimuli for longer
They are just looking and not really paying too much attention
They want to know what happens next

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Frage 31 von 80

1

According to Farroni, Menon and Johnson (2006), what types of faces do babies prefer?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Faces with a direct gaze, upside-down
Faces with a direct gaze, the right way up
Faces looking away, upside down
Faces looking away, the right way up

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Frage 32 von 80

1

When presented with a visual cliff, would 6-month-old babies crawl to their mothers?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

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Frage 33 von 80

1

For depth perception, one-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

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Frage 34 von 80

1

For depth perception, two to three-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 80

1

For depth perception, five to 12-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 80

1

Size constancy is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Perception of a true object's size
Perception of your own true size
Perception of the environment around you and its size at any time

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Frage 37 von 80

1

Shape constancy is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Perception of an object's true shape
Perception of your own true shape
Perception of the shape of the environment

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Frage 38 von 80

1

Slater (2001) found that newborns have an early understanding of size constancy. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 80

1

At what point do human children stop being at risk of the adverse effects of visual deprivation?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

2-4 years old
3-5 years old
4-6 years old
5-7 years old
7 years old and above

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 80

1

Is visual perception in 1-month-old kittens permanent when deprived of light for only a few days? (Crair, Gillespie & Stryker, 1998)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 80

1

If visual deprivation in newborn children is left untreated for the first 6 months of life, the effects are permanent. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 80

1

When does the critical period of binocular functioning begin for newborns and peak?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

3 months - 1-2 years
5 months - 1-2 years
6 months - 1-2 years
Never

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 80

1

In terms of perceptual vision, newborns:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Can see clearly close-up and across wide ranges
Cannot see clearly, but can across wide ranges
Can see clearly close-up, but not across wide ranges
Cannot see clearly or across wide ranges

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 80

1

Is infant memory for operant responses context-dependent?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

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Frage 45 von 80

1

Habituation refers to a gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation. Recovery refers to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Even greater reductions in the strength of a response
New stimuli (eg, a change in environment) causing for habituated responses to return at a high level

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Frage 46 von 80

1

Is infant learning, when assessed through habituation, context-dependent?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 80

1

According to research (Bartocci, et al., 2006; Slater, et al., 2010), do preterm and male babies show intense or relaxed activation of sensorimotor areas in the cerebral cortex?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Intense
Reduced

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Frage 48 von 80

1

According to research (Axelin, Salanterä & Lehtonen, 2006; Gormaly, et al., 2001), physical touch releases what painkilling chemicals in the brain?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Endorphins
Dopamine
Serotonin
ACh
ATP

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Frage 49 von 80

1

Allowing a baby to endure severe pain ________ the nervous system with stress hormones, which can disrupt a child's capacity to handle common everyday stressors (eg, sleep disturbances, feeding problems, difficulty calming down) (Mitchell & Boss, 2002).

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Overwhelms
Underwhelms

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Frage 50 von 80

1

An adult's soft caresses induces infants to be _____ attentive towards an adult's face (Stack & Muir, 1992).

Wähle eine der folgenden:

more
less

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Frage 51 von 80

1

Can babies readily learn to have positive responses to tastes that were previously neutral or negative (eg, bitter-tasting formula substitute to cow's milk that they are allergic to)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 80

1

Babies show early improvements in vision during their development stages. At 2 months old, they achieve ❌. At 6 months old they gain ❌. Then, at 6 or 7 months old, they obtain ❌.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

focus and colour vision

motion

stereopsis

acuity, scanning, and tracking

motion parallax

binocular disparity

depth perception

accommodation

paralysis

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Frage 53 von 80

1

There is a development of visual acuity in infants. At ❌, they can detect the contrast in Mickey Mouse's ear. At ❌, they have 20:80 visual acuity. At ❌, they develop full vision.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

3 months old

2 months old

1 month old

6 months old

5 months old

4 months old

3 years old

2 years old

4 years old

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Frage 54 von 80

1

As babies grow, cone cells in the retina:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Elongate
Shrink

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Frage 55 von 80

1

At ❌, babies have poor contrast sensitivity and prefer large, simple patterns. At ❌, they can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan for internal features of patterns. At ❌, they can detect patterns that may not really be there. And at ❌, they can detect objects even when two-thirds of the image are missing.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

3 weeks old

2 weeks old

A week old

2 months old

A month old

3 months old

4 months old

5 months old

6 months old

12 months old

18 months old

24 months old

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 80

1

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

At birth, babies are sensitive to cues. Between 2 and 3 months old, they become sensitive to cues. Finally, as they reach a year old (5 - 12 months), they become sensitive to cues.

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Frage 57 von 80

1

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

There are three cues that babies attend to in their depth perception development. The first is . The second is . The third are .

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Frage 58 von 80

1

In the first cue that babies begin to attend, at what point do they understand that 3D objects are not flat?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A month old
2 months old
3 months old

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 80

1

According to Campos (et al., 2000), are infants more or less likely to refuse to cross the deep side of a visual cliff?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

More likely to refuse
Less likely to refuse

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 80

1

According to research (Bai & Bertenthal, 1992; Campos, et al., 2000), who is better at remembering object locations and finding hidden objects?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Seasoned crawlers
Inexperienced crawlers

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Frage 61 von 80

1

According to Bell and Fox (1996), does crawling promote a new level of brain organisation, as indicated by more organised EEG brainwave activity in the cerebral cortex?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, it does
No, it does not

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Frage 62 von 80

1

According to Banks and Ginsburg (1985), contrast refers to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

The difference in the amounts of light between adjacent regions in a pattern
The similarities of light between adjacent regions in a pattern

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Frage 63 von 80

1

Hatton (et al., 1997) observed infants with visual acuity issues (eg, 20/800) throughout their preschool years. They found that the infants:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Were far behind their peers in all areas of their development
Were much further behind their peers in only perceptual development, but fine everywhere else

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Frage 64 von 80

1

Research has found infants who have severe visual impairments also struggle with motor exploration and spatial understanding (Levtzion-Korach, et al., 2000). What do they have to rely on?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Sound
Parents
Friends

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Frage 65 von 80

1

Has research (eg, Preisler, 1991; Bigelow, 2003) found that infants who see poorly also struggle with caregiver interaction? Do they have difficulties reciprocating interactions?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

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Frage 66 von 80

1

Some have asserted that infant facial perception is due to a built-in capacity to orient towards members of one's own species (Johnson, 2001; Slater & Quinn, 2001). However, others suggest that this is because:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

They prefer any stimulus in the periphery of their visual field (Cassia, Turati & Simon, 2004)
They are socially conditioned to believe that this is what they need to be observing (Jones, et al., 1996)

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Frage 67 von 80

1

When a baby is 2 months old, they can scan an entire stimulus and combine pattern elements into an organised whole. Because of this, can they recognise (and do they prefer) their mother's face to another woman's, according to Bartrip, Morton, and De Schonen (2001)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

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Frage 68 von 80

1

Do babies prefer their own race according to research (eg, Bar-Haim, et al., 2006; Kelley, et al., 2007)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

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Frage 69 von 80

1

Can own-race preferences be erased according to Sangrigoli (et al., 2005)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, they can
No, they cannot

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Frage 70 von 80

1

At first, do infants rely heavily on motion and spatial arrangement to identify objects, according to Jusczyk (et al., 1999) and Spelke and Hermer (1996)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes
No

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Frage 71 von 80

1

"As infants become more familiar with many objects and can integrate each object's diverse features into a unified whole, they rely more on shape, colour, and pattern and less on motion (Slater, et al., 2010)" (Berk, 2012, pp. 165). Is this true or false?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

It's true
It's false

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Frage 72 von 80

1

According to Johnson and Shuwairi (2009) does experience enhance a young infant's predictive eye tracking?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, it does
No, it does not

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Frage 73 von 80

1

Novelty prefernece refers to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

The tendency to prefer paying attention to new objects or people that have never been seen before
The tendency to prefer paying attention to old objects that have been previously used

Erklärung

Frage 74 von 80

1

According to Berk (2012), do infants from 4 to 11 months increasingly rely on featural information to detect the identity of an object?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

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Frage 75 von 80

1

At first, do infants attend to form (eg, size and shape) and then surface features (eg, pattern, colour) according to Woods and Wilcox (2009)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

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Frage 76 von 80

1

According to Berk (2012), intermodal perception is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Understanding our senses and perceiving them as a whole
Understanding our senses, and perceiving them as separate and individual

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Frage 77 von 80

1

According to Berk (2012), amodal sensory properties are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Information that is not specific to a single modality, but overlaps with others
Information that is specific to single modality

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Frage 78 von 80

1

Newborns can recognise visual objects and distinguish them from others (Sann & Streri, 2007). However, do they only require on exposure to learn the association between the sight and sound of a toy, according to Morrongiello, Fenwick, and Chance (1998)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Yes, they do
No, they need more

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Frage 79 von 80

1

	Erstellt von Ein gelöschter Nutzer vor mehr als 8 Jahre

	Kopiert von murat sertay vor mehr als 8 Jahre

developental saved Quiz am Infant Perceptual Development, erstellt von murat sertay am 15/08/2016.

Infant Perceptual Development

Frage 1 von 80

Empiricists saw newborns as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 80

Empiricists believe that children learn their behaviours, traits and characteristics, and don't inherit them. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 80

Nativists saw newborns as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 80

For infant children in their early perceptual development, sensation is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 80

For infant children in their perceptual development, perception is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 80

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for an infant's sensory processing?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 80

When are infants' vision the least developed?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 80

According to Fantz (1961) infants prefer:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 80

According to Fantz, infants prefer:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 80

According to Fantz (1961), infants prefer:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 80

Neonates can differentiate between different types of patterns. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 80

Habituation is when an infant stares at an object for a period of time. When they are bored, they look away. Is this true or false?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 80

How long does it take for newborns to habituate to new stimuli?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 80

When infants reach around 4 or 5 months, their information processing reduces by how much?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 80

Why do newborns take longer, at 2 months old, to habituate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 80

Wähle von der Dropdown-Liste, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement increases the chances of decreases the chances of( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment reduces the chances of improves the chances of( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 80

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move. What does this say about operant conditioning?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 80

Rovee-Collier's (1999) research showed that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 80

Which of the following areas of the eyes in babies is the least developed as they grow?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 80

At what point do infants obtain vision comparable to adults?

In operant conditioning, reinforcement ( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment ( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move.

What does this say about operant conditioning?