Urogenital tract imaging

How can the bladder be imaged?

what are the only two conditions which plain radiographs may pick up?

what is emphysematous cystitis?

whats the 'normal' size of the kidney?

What are 5 causes of enlarged kidneys?

what are the 4 main contrast studies on the urinary tract?

How is an IVU done, what are the 3 stages?

why can't both ureters be seen on IVU normally?

what are the main conditions detectible by IVU?

If IVU is being used to analyse the bladder ureter junction what will increase the sensitivity?

what do the kidneys commonly look like after ethylene glycol poisoning on U/S?

what are the main reasons for a kidney having a hyper echoic cortex on U/S?

what do poly cystic kidneys look like on U/S?

what does a double contrast cystogram show?

whats the difference between a neoplasia and haemorrhage on double contrast studies?

how can a mass and cystitis be differentiated on double contrast studies?

how are retrograde urethrograms carried out?

what is retrograde urethrogram good for detecting?

How can U/S and blood clots be differentiated?

what is a positive retrograde vaginogram good for, what are their pros and cons?

how is a positive retrograde vaginogram be carried out?