Infection Control

Handling Equipment
Discard
Nondisposable mouthpieces should be washed, disinfected and dried after each use.
External spirometry tubing should be replaced or
Wipe equipment parts with that patient touches
Noseclips thrown away or wiped
Change water in water seal spirometer
Change filters after

Pt Scheduling
Schedule pt with possible or confirmed infection at the of the day

Routes of transmission
Contact
Respiratory
Airborne Nuclei

Standard Precautions
Handwash
Gloves
Mask/eye/face
Gowns
Pt Care equipment
Occupational Health and bloodborne
Pt Placement

Expanded Precautions
precautions
Droplet Precautions
Airborne Infection isolation (Niosh )
Protective Equipment

PPE
– secretions or blood
– strict or reverse isolation
– contact with secretions or blood
– airborne

Preventing Nosocomial Infections
Wright Respirometer should have 1 way or personal sampling chambers
HIV/Aids before gas sterilization
Avoid cross contamination with aerosolized meds by using

Biohazardous Materials
Waste – Lab Waste, specimen cultures, vaccines, culture dishes. Human Blood, things contaminated with blood or other body fluids
Waste – Waste that is generated pertaining to diagnosis, treatment, immunization or testing.
Sharps must be placed in a puncture proof container

– Complete destruction of ALL microorganisms.
– Destroying vegetative pathogenic microorganisms

6 Chemical Methods of disinfection/Sterilization
1. Ethylene Oxide – ETO alkalization of enzymes
2. Alkaline glutaraldehyde –
3. Glutaraldehyde – Sonacide
4. Alcohol
5. Soaps/Detergents
6. (for blood)

4 Physical Methods of Disinfection / Sterilization
1. Steam under pressure ()
2. Pasteurization – moderate temps
3. Incineration – best method for disposable items
4. – Gamma Rays to sterilize prepackaged equipment

Volume Measuring Spirometers
Bellows
Collapsable bellows that folds and unfolds as patient breathes
Will volume if or holes in bellows

Dry Rolling Seal Spirometer
Volume Displacement
Consists of a within a cylinder supported by a resting on a frictionless bearings
Rod can be attached directly to a potentiometer or recording pen on paper
Can be used to assess pre/post bronchodilator changes

Water Seal Spirometer
Volume Displacement
AKA or
Large bell - L, submerged in a column of H2O
As pt breathes, bell moves an equally distance
Recorded with chain/pulley device connected to kymograph
For studies: separate hoses and CO2 scrubber are needed
Calibration: Using 3L syringer, must be accurate - range +- %
Leak Test: Filling spirometer to volume then applying a weight
Flow Cal: using 2-12 L/sec

Peak flow meter
Measure peak expiratory flow at
Pt inhales maximally then exhales hard and fast through deice
read directly from scale
Factors that affect accuracy - Pt effort, Moisture, Debris

Turbine Device
Wright Respirometer
Rotating with , flow causes vanes to and displays volume
Accurate from 3- lpm
Assure linearity by checking with 3L syringe
Can become alinear from vane , contamination or debris

Pneumotach - measures flow and converts to volume display

Pneumotach
AKA Vortex Shedding or Time
Consists of an and crystal and a lflow tube with struts
Number of pulses is to flow

Pitot Tube
Flow measured by placing a series of small tubes in a sensor and connecting to a transducer
Condensation and do not affect measurements

Element
Contains heated platinum wire or small metal bead that cools as gas across. of current needed to maintain tem is proportional to
Accuracy is affected by gas composition

Pressure Differential
AKA Fleisch Pneumotach
Contains element that causes pressure to drop as gas flows across. Difference in is proportional to flow
Commonly used in Body Box
Heat is incorporated to reduce condensation

Calibration
3L syringe to check for
Volume should be checked at low, med and high to assure linerity
Rotameter is a good device for reproducible low flows
Sine-Wave pump: , simulates flows and volumes
Automatic Syringe - Computer Controlled motor
Explosive decompression device - simulates
Alinearity can happen: Contamination, bent , moisture, debris
Once volume displacement spirometer is caled it will retain linearity until it develops a