21. A(n) _________’s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the realworld environment.
A. node
b. entity
c. model
d. database
22. A(n) ____________ represents a particular type of object in the real world.
a. attribute
c. relationship
d. node
23. A(n) __________ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.
d. constraint
24. A(n) ___________ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.
25. A(n) _________ is bidirectional.
26. A(n) _________ is a restriction placed on the data.
27. ________ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.
a. Attributes
b. Entities
c. Relationships
d. Constraints
28. ________ are normally expressed in the form of rules.
a. Attribtues
29. Students and classes have a ____________ relationship.
a. one-to-one
b. one-to-many
c. many-to-one
d. many-to-many
Business rules are derived from ____.
a.a detailed description of an organization’s operations
b.standards and practices developed over the years
c.managers’ recommendations
d.governmental oversight organization standards
31. Which of the following is true of business rules?
a. They allow the designer to set company policies with regard to data.
b. They allow the designer to develop business processes.
c. They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.
d. They provide a framework for the company’s self-actualization.
32. A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) __________ in the data model.
a. entity
b. attribute
33. A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) __________ in the data model.
34. The hierarchical data model was developed in the __________.
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
35. The object-oriented data model was developed in the ____________.
36. VMS/VSAM is an example of the ___________.
a. hierarchical model
b. file system data model
c. relational data model
d. XML data model
37. Oracle 11g is an example of the ___________.
d. XML/Hybrid data model
38. MySQL is an example of the ________.
39. In the ________ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.
a. hierarchical
b. network
c. relational
d. entity relationship
40. In the __________ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.
41. The relational data model was developed in the _________.
42. In the _______ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent.
c. object-orientated
44. A(n) ________ enables a database administrator to describe schema components.
a. extensible markup language (XML)
b. data definition language (DDL)
c. unified modeling language (UML)
d. query langauge
24.The ____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text.
a. hierarchial
c. object-oriented
49. The ________ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.
a. relational
51. The _________ data model is said to be a semantic data model.
52. The ________ data model uses the concept of inheritance.
53. One of the limitations of the ________ model is that there is a lack of standards.
54. The ________ model is the end users’ view of the data environment.
a. abstract
b. external
c. conceptual
d. internal
30.A(n) ____ model represents a global view of the database as viewed by the entire organization.
a. external
b. conceptual
c. internal
d. physical
