Many of the frogs in the pond near your house have died; their bodies are lying in the grass at the pond's edge. You begin to wonder why this is the case. You suggest that there may be a chemical in the pond that is responsible for the deaths. Which of the following statements is an example of an observation?

In science, a hypothesis

Many of the frogs in the pond near your house have died; their bodies are lying in the grass at the pond's edge. You begin to wonder why this is the case. You suggest that there may be a chemical in the pond that is responsible for the deaths. Which of the following statements is an example of an experiment?

What is the purpose of using statistics to analyze data from an experiment?

On a line graph, which variable should be plotted on the x-axis?

Many of the frogs in the pond near your house have died; their bodies are lying in the grass at the pond's edge. You begin to wonder why this is the case. You suggest that there may be a chemical in the pond that is responsible for the deaths. Which of the following statements is an example of a hypothesis?

An explanation that is supported by common-sense reasoning but cannot be tested experimentally is called a(n)

An explanation supported by a large body of observations and experimentation is referred to as a(n):

Many of the frogs in the pond near your house have died; their bodies are lying in the grass at the pond's edge. You begin to wonder why this is the case. You suggest that there may be a chemical in the pond that is responsible for the deaths. Which of the following statements is an example of a research question?

The main purpose of any single experiment is to:

Scientists, including biologists, use models to:

Suppose you are drawing a box-and-arrow model to explain your understanding of how a cell produces a certain protein. Your model needs to include the concept "DNA", since it is a key structural component of the process. Most likely, you will place the word DNA

A cell:

A bird uses its muscles to enable it to fly; however, each individual muscle itself is not capable of flight. The ability to fly is a property of the entire organism (the bird), not the individual parts that make up the bird. Flight, therefore, is an example of a(n) ______ property.

Entropy is a measure of the amount of __________ in a system.

In biology, the word "community" refers to a:

The smallest unit of life is a(n):

Which one of the following is characteristic of both living organisms and non-living material?

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

Source: HJ Cha et al, Evolutionarily Repurposed Networks Reveal the Well-Known Antifungal Drug Thiabendazole to Be a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent, PLoS Biol 10(8): e1001379. Doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001379

A recent paper published in the journal PLOS Biology describes a study in which scientists tested the effect of thiabendazole (TBZ), a compound used for many years as an anti-fungal drug, on tumor growth in mice. Tumors typically begin as small clusters of cells that grow rapidly and uncontrollably into larger masses. In an experiment described in this paper, human tumor cells were implanted under the skin of mice in an area where the tumor growth could be observed visually. These mice are an experimental system that can be used to test the effects of TBZ on a tumor in a living organism. To be administered to a mouse, TBZ must be dissolved in a solvent called DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) and injected.

In the experiment described in this paper, the scientists allowed the tumors to become established and reach a designated size. When the tumors were large enough, the mice were injected daily with 1 mg TBZ dissolved in DMSO, or injected with DMSO only, for 26 days. Tumor growth was monitored over time, and the tumor volume in mm3 was calculated. At the end of the experiment, the tumors were removed and weighed.

What is the null hypothesis (H0) in this study?

Source: HJ Cha et al, Evolutionarily Repurposed Networks Reveal the Well-Known Antifungal Drug Thiabendazole to Be a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent, PLoS Biol 10(8): e1001379. Doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001379

A recent paper published in the journal PLOS Biology describes a study in which scientists tested the effect of thiabendazole (TBZ), a compound used for many years as an anti-fungal drug, on tumor growth in mice. Tumors typically begin as small clusters of cells that grow rapidly and uncontrollably into larger masses. In an experiment described in this paper, human tumor cells were implanted under the skin of mice in an area where the tumor growth could be observed visually. These mice are an experimental system that can be used to test the effects of TBZ on a tumor in a living organism. To be administered to a mouse, TBZ must be dissolved in a solvent called DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) and injected.

In the experiment described in this paper, the scientists allowed the tumors to become established and reach a designated size. When the tumors were large enough, the mice were injected daily with 1 mg TBZ dissolved in DMSO, or injected with DMSO only, for 26 days. Tumor growth was monitored over time, and the tumor volume in mm3 was calculated. At the end of the experiment, the tumors were removed and weighed.

What is the alternate hypothesis (H1) in this study?

Source: HJ Cha et al, Evolutionarily Repurposed Networks Reveal the Well-Known Antifungal Drug Thiabendazole to Be a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent, PLoS Biol 10(8): e1001379. Doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001379

A recent paper published in the journal PLOS Biology describes a study in which scientists tested the effect of thiabendazole (TBZ), a compound used for many years as an anti-fungal drug, on tumor growth in mice. Tumors typically begin as small clusters of cells that grow rapidly and uncontrollably into larger masses. In an experiment described in this paper, human tumor cells were implanted under the skin of mice in an area where the tumor growth could be observed visually. These mice are an experimental system that can be used to test the effects of TBZ on a tumor in a living organism. To be administered to a mouse, TBZ must be dissolved in a solvent called DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) and injected.

In the experiment described in this paper, the scientists allowed the tumors to become established and reach a designated size. When the tumors were large enough, the mice were injected daily with 1 mg TBZ dissolved in DMSO, or injected with DMSO only, for 26 days. Tumor growth was monitored over time, and the tumor volume in mm3 was calculated. At the end of the experiment, the tumors were removed and weighed.

The differences between control and TBZ treatment are statistically significant. This means the results of this experiment: