Molecular biology

What are the requirements for performing the PCR reaction?

What is the difference between northern and southern blotting?

Give an example where you might use the northern blotting technique

Why is PCR the preferred molecular diagnostic method of choice?

After 30 cycles of PCR, how many times will the target fragment be amplified?

What 3 reactions are constantly repeated in the elongation cycle?

What is the name of the initiating amino acid in prokaryote translation?

How many ATP molecules are used for each amino acid incorporated into the protein?

How many molecules of GTP are used during the addition of one amino acid to the peptide chain?

In eukaryotes, what delivers aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome?

Name two groups of drugs active against prokaryotic ribosomes.

Name two drugs or toxins active against eukaryotic ribosomes

What are restriction enzymes?

What does palindromic mean in terms of restriction enzyme cutting sites?

Give an example of a restriction enzyme that cleaves to give blunt ends

Give an example of a restriction enzyme that cleaves DNA to give sticky ends

What is the average size of a DNA fragment generated by Eco RI digestion?

How many different fragments of DNA are generated if human DNA is digested with Eco RI?

What material is used to make the gel for gel electrophoresis?

In southern blotting, why do we treat the gel with sodium hydroxide?

Give an example of a genetic mutation that can be identified via southern blotting

What base sequence is the initiator codon?

Give two examples of stop codons.

The genetic code is generally universal, however there are some minor variations. Give an example of where these may be seen.

How big are tRNAs?

What is the effect of a nonsense mutation?

What occurs to the DNA sequence in a frameshift mutation?

Name two unusual bases tRNA's may contain?

What sequence do all tRNA's have at their 3' end?

What is an aminoacyl tRNA?

What are the 5 arms of a tRNA molecule?

What are the enzymes called that link tRNA's to amino acids called?

Once the pre-initiator complex has been formed, what activates RNAP II?

What phosphorylates RNAPII?

What phosphorylates Ser-5?

What does chromatin packing determine?

What are the two types of heterochromatin?

What type of chromatin is permanently silenced?

What is the function of TBP (TATA binding protein)?

What do TATA-driven promoters contain?

What do TATA-driven promoters contain?

What do additional upstream control elements like the CAAT and GC box do to the promoter?

What are the two subunits of TFIID

What does the binding of TFIID to DNA initiate to form?