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Zero Growth
Natural Decrease (ND)
Exponential growth
Birth rate (BR)
Death rate (DR)
Natural change
Natural increase (NI):
Life expectancy
Newly industrialising countries (NICs)
Asian ‘tiger’
Demographic transition model (DTM)
DTM Stage 1 – High fluctuating
DTM Stage 2 – Early Expanding
DTM Stage 3 – Late Expanding
DTM Stage 4 – Low Fluctuating
DTM Stage 5 – Natural Decrease
AMEW
Agricultural change
Urbanisation
Rural-to-urban migration
Push factor
Pull factor
Educational Change
Women’s status change (emancipation)
Population Pyramids
Wide base
Narrowing base
Narrow base
Convex (bulge)
Steep sides with a narrow top
Wide top
High apex (tall)
Short pyramid
Sudden narrowing around age 5
Age structure:
Gender structure
Infant mortality
Child mortality
Transmigration
Transmigration
Industrialisation
European Union (EU)
Dependency ratio
Migration
Host country
Country of origin
Immigrant:
Emigrant
Asylum seekers
