If a drug speeds up the reuptake of a neurotransmitter, it's an
antagonist
agonist
If a drug disrupts the production of a neurotransmitter, it's an
What effect on APs would a glutamate agonist have?
More action potentials (an increase in excitability)
Less action potentials (a decrease in excitability)
What effect on APs would a GABA agonist have?
Neither, because GABA doesn't influence excitability
Signals with neurons are primarily electrical chemical( electrical, chemical ); signals between neurons are primarily electrical chemical( electrical, chemical )
Just after a cell reaches -40mV (at the start of an action potential), as it continues to depolarize, which of the following is/are true?
Na+ ions rush in
K+ ions rush in
Na+ ions rush out
K+ ions rush out
The thalamus is the sensory relay center
Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the PNS
Where in the neuron is the decision made to fire?
axon terminals
dendrites
axon hillock
nucleus
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Make up one segment of myelin
Transfer nutrients from blood cells to neurons and waste from neurons to blood
Make up myelin sheath
Pick up and destroy debris around the neuron
What do glial cells NOT do?
Provide neurons with chemical signals
Provide neurons with raw materials
Help neurons with specialized structural components
Trick question; they do all of these things
Nissl Golgi( Nissl, Golgi ) stains are good for seeing neuron shapes, while Nissl Golgi( Nissl, Golgi ) stains are good for counting neurons
What can we see with neuron stains?
Specific proteins
Action potentials
Neuron connectivity
Recently active neurons
Label the neuron shapes
Label the functions of each lobe of the brain
Label the steps of an action potential
Label the steps of synaptic communication
Glutamate is sent to , from , and is the most predominate NT in the brain
GABA is sent to , from , and is the most predominant NT in the brain
Agonists ❌ NT activity and antagonists ❌ NT activity
If we know whether a drug is an agonist or an antagonist, we can infer its excitability effects
Broca's area deals with ❌ and Wernicke's area deals with ❌
The basal ganglia system is involved with ❌; The Limbic system is involved with ❌
Parkinson's disease comes from a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra
75% of the brain's neurons are in the
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Corpus callosum
At resting state, most Na+ ions can be found ❌ and most K+ ions can be found ❌
Nuclei tracts Ganglia nerves( Nuclei tracts, Ganglia nerves ) are in the CNS and Nuclei tracts Ganglia nerves( Nuclei tracts, Ganglia nerves ) are in the PNS
With somatic intervention, we alter ❌ and see how it changes ❌
With behavioral intervention, we alter the body and see how it changes behavior
Correlation is unrelated to causality
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by a widespread degeneration of
Neurons
Glial cells
Myelin
Cortex
The sympathetic nervous system helps the body ❌ while the parasympathetic nervous system helps the body ❌
In the cerebral cortex, ❌ mostly receives and processes information and ❌ mostly transmits information
How many layers are there in the cerebral cortex?
One
Six
Thirteen
Twenty
Label the types of glial cells pictured
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