There are a couple of factors affecting enzyme activity:

•temperature

=>higher temperature means higher kinetic energy for both enzyme molecules and substrate molecules this means that collisions are more frequent so chances of enzyme-substrate complex forming larger however too high a temperature disrupts the bonds that give the enzyme its tertiary structure hence the active site no longer fits the substrate the enzyme is denatures

=>low temperature slows down enzyme reaction eventually having the same effect as high temperature, change tertiary structure enzyme is denatured

•pH- again affects the bonds in the tertiary structure of the enzyme and so will change active site shape and denature enzyme

•increased concentration of enzyme means larger number of enzymes in the same space more frequent collision due to random movement so larger number of enzyme-substrate complexes can be formed

•increased substrate concentration has the same effect as increased enzyme concentration

•if the enzyme needs a cofactor to facilitate the reaction then that cofactor acts by helping the formation of that enzyme-substrate complex

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short notes