Abnormal Psych Chapter 10

What is a drug?

What is the term used to overtly include alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine

The brain and body’s need for ever larger doses of a drug to produce earlier effects

Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous, reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug.

A temporary state of poor judgment, mood changes, irritability, slurred speech, and poor coordination

Some substances such as LSD may produce a particular form of intoxication, sometimes called _______, which consists of perceptual distortions and hallucinations.

Which is TRUE of substance abuse disorders

Which type of substance slows the activity of the central nervous system (CNS), reduce tension and inhibitions,
and may interfere with judgment, motor activity, and concentration.

Which is TRUE of alcohol.

What ingredient of alcohol is absorbed into the blood through the stomach lining and takes effect in the bloodstream and CNS.

What is the name of the enzyme in the stomach that metabolizes alcohol before it enters the blood

The effects of alcohol subside only after alcohol is metabolized by what?

Which depressant: Drink large amounts regularly and rely on it to enable them to do things that would otherwise make them anxious. Eventually find drinking interferes with social behavior and the ability to think and work.

Order put in order how alcohol affects the brain
a) additional areas in the CNS, leave the drinker even less able to make sound judgments, speak clearly, and remember well
b) brain area affected that controls judgment and inhibition
c) motor difficulties increase, and reaction times slow

Which is not a characteristic of college binge drinkers

A dramatic withdrawal reaction experienced by some people with alcoholism. It consists of confusion, clouded consciousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations.

An alcohol-related disorder marked by extreme confusion, memory impairment, and other neurological symptoms.

A cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weigh and irregularities in the head.

Which is FALSE of alcoholism?

What is the name of the online drinking game in which a person posts personal videos of drinking an entire bottle of hard liquor and then nominates a friend to post an equal or more challenging video?

Which depressant produces feelings of relaxation and drowsiness?

Includes both natural (opium, heroin, morphine, codeine) and synthetic (methadone) compounds and is known collectively as “narcotics”. Involves different strength, speed of action, and tolerance level for each drug.

Smoked, inhaled, injected by needle just under the skin (“skin popped”), or injected directly into the bloodstream (“mainlined”). Are often injected Produce a quick rush followed by several hours of pleasurable feelings due to depression of CNS. Can also cause nausea, narrowing of the pupils, and constipation.

Is highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain
.

Exemplifies the problems posed by opioids. After just a few weeks, users may develop OPIOID USE DISORDER.

Which is FALSE about the dangers of opioid use?

What is the most powerful natural stimulant known.

Which type of substance increases the activity of the central nervous system (CNS); in blood pressure, heart rate, and alertness; and behavior and thinking?

Derived from leaves of coca plant. The greatest danger of use is the risk of overdose. Excessive doses depress the brain’s respiratory function, and can stop breathing.

What are stimulant drugs manufactured in the laboratory and most often taken in pill or capsule form. They increase energy and alertness and reduce appetite when taken in small doses. Produce a rush, intoxication, and psychosis in high doses.
Cause an emotional letdown as they leave the body. Stimulate the CNS by increasing dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

What drug has had a major surge in popularity in recent years
. Nonmedical version is primarily made in “stovetop laboratories”
. Is about as likely to be used by women as men and has gained popularity as a “club drug".

What is one of the most famous and powerful hallucinogens that brings on a state of hallucinogen intoxication (HALLUCINOSIS) within 2 hours of being swallowed. It increases and alters sensory perception and may induce extremely strong emotions.

Which drug works by causing the neurotransmitters serotonin and (to a lesser extent) dopamine to be released all at once throughout the brain, at first increasing and then depleting a person’s overall supply of the neurotransmitters.
It interferes with the body’s ability to produce new supplies of serotonin. With repeated use, the brain eventually produces less and less serotonin.

Which drug says the greater the THC content, the more powerful the drug. It includes hashish and marijuana.

Which is FALSE about the dangers of marijuana?

What is the pattern when people often take more than one drug at a time?

What are synergistic effects of the combination os substances?

Which view says the cause of substance use disorders are patterns of substance abuse or dependence that develop when living in stressful socioeconomic conditions
. Substance use disorder is likely to appear in families and social environments where substance use is valued or accepted.

Which view says the cause of substance use disorders is people who abuse substances that have powerful dependency needs that can be traced to their early years. Caused by a lack of parental nurturing and may develop into a SUBSTANCE ABUSE PERSONALITY as a result
.

Which view says the cause of substance use disorders is a mix of Operant and Classical Conditioning. Such rewards eventually produce an expectancy that substances will be rewarding. This expectation is sufficient to motivate individuals to increase drug use at times of tension.

Which view says the cause of substance use disorders involves genetic predisposition and biochemical factors?

What says temporary reduction of drug-produced tension has rewarding effect thus likelihood that the user will seek this reaction again increases
. Rewarding effects may also lead users to try higher doses or more powerful methods of ingestion.

What says objects present at the time drugs are taken may act as classically conditioned stimuli and come to produce some of the pleasure brought on by the drugs themselves
. Has not received widespread research support as the key factor in such patterns.

What biological factor of substance abuse disorders shows findings from research with “alcohol-preferring” animals and human twins (concordance rates)
. Clearer support for a genetic model may come from adoption studies
.

What biological factor of substance abuse disorders involves biological explanations of drug tolerance and withdrawal based on NT functioning in the brain. Recent brain imaging studies have suggested that many (perhaps all) drugs eventually activate a reward center or “pleasure pathway” in the brain
.

What biological factor of substance abuse disorders says when dopamine is activated at this REWARD CENTER, a person experiences pleasure. Certain drugs stimulate the reward center directly, while other drugs stimulate the reward center in roundabout ways
.

What biological factor of substance abuse disorders says when substances repeatedly stimulate the reward center, the center develops a hypersensitivity to the substances; considerable support in animal studies.

What biological factor of substance abuse disorders says the reward center is not readily activated by “normal” life events so people turn to drugs to stimulate this pleasure pathway, particularly in times of stress.

One of the reasons drugs produce feelings of pleasure is because they increase levels of which neurotransmitter?

Where do most people receive treatments for substance abuse disorders?

Which treatment of substance abuse disorders guides clients to uncover and work through underlying needs and conflicts related to disorder. Help clients change living styles .

Which treatment of substance abuse disorders has individuals repeatedly presented with an unpleasant stimulus at the very moment they are taking a drug. After repeated pairings, they are expected to react negatively to the substance itself and to lose their craving for it.

What therapy is most commonly applied to alcoholism. In one version, drinking behavior is paired with drug-induced nausea and vomiting. Another version of this approach requires people with alcoholism to imagine extremely upsetting, repulsive, or frightening scenes while they are drinking. The pairing is expected to produce negative responses to alcohol itself.

Which treatment of substance abuse disorders helps clients identify and change the patterns and cognitions contributing to their patterns of substance misuse?

What cognitive-behavioral therapy says the overall goal is for clients to gain control over their substance-related behaviors.
Clients are taught to identify and plan ahead for high-risk situations and to learn from mistakes and lapses.
This approach is used particularly to treat binge drinking.

Which treatment of substance abuse disorders helps people withdraw, abstain from them, or maintain their level of substance use without further increases
?

Which biological treatment involves systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug. Gradual withdrawal by tapering off doses of the substance. Induce withdrawal but give additional medication to block symptoms.

Which biological treatment involves blocking or changing the effects of the addictive substance as an aid to resist falling back into a pattern of misuse.

Which biological treatment involves methadone maintenance programs designed to provide a safe substitute for heroin.
Programs were roundly criticized as “substituting addictions” but are regaining popularity, partly because of the spread of HIV/AIDS.

Which treatment of substance abuse disorders involves self-help organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Residential treatment centers or therapeutic communities
, Culture- and gender-sensitive programs
, and Community prevention programs.