geography revision ( restless earth, changing climate, battle for biosphere)

solid nickel and iron

liquid nickel and iron

5,500°C

2,000°C

liquid nickel and iron

solid nickel and iron

semi-molten rock

magma

2,900km

6,000km

oceanic & continental

destructive & constructive

thick & less dense

thin & more dense

more dense & thin

less dense & thick

rock in the mantle is moving below

inner core moves

oceanic plate slipping under continental plate

2 plates moving away from eachother

2 plates moving away from eachother

2 plates moving towards eachother

two plate sliding past eachother

two plate crashing into eachother

two continental plates that collide and buckle

two plates that slide under eachother

constructive plate boundaries

destructive plate boundaries

destructive plate boundaries

constructive plate boundaries

measure amount of energy released from earthquake

measure amount of energy released from volcanoes

increase in gas emmissions

ground shaking

create an exclusion zone around volcano

evacuate animals

have emergency food and water supplies ready

have emergency boats

layers of ash & lava that have cooled into hardenered layers

layers of magma hardnered into layers

lava only

magma & lava

9.1

8.9

15-30m

40-60m

230,000

500,000

1.7 million people made homeless

5 million people without food

threat of disease from water sewage

transport links destroyed

buildings destroyed

crops destroyed

5-6 million people without food

flooding

emergency supplies

providing jobs

re-building and improving infrastructure

medical care

volcanic eruptions release ash into atmosphere which causes cooling

droughts and floods

cars burning fossil fuels

aestroid collisiom

the burning of fossil fuel produces carbon dioxide

the melting of ice caps

droughts & flooding

plants to die

melts polar ice caps - causes sea levels to rise

causes volcanic erruptions

a group of plants and animals that interact in their environment

a large ecosytem

a large ecosystem

a large area of land

carbon dioxide - oxygen

oxygen - carbon dioxide

food, medicine & raw materials

food, water and wood

deforestation, mining, quarrying, pollution, farming

infrastructure, transport routes, mining, quarrying

timber, transport routes, building dams, mining materials

wood, paper, buildings, transport

parks that conserve natural areas of beauty in the UK

parks that conserve the safety of wildlife

plant growth in different temperatures

how fertile soil is

low temperature

high temperature

effects how fertile different area are

controls growth of plants

cattle ranches, coal mines that exposes methane & burning of fossil fuels - exposes carbon dioxide

evaporation from oceans that exposes water vapour & respiration from plants - carbon dioxide

evaporation from oceans that exposes water vapour & respiration from plants - carbon dioxide

burning of fossil fuels, coal mines, cattle ranching

cool summers, cold/mild winters, heavy/steady rain all year

warm summers, mild winters, light rain in summer, heavy rain in winter

warm summers, mild winters, light rain in summer, heavy rain in winter

cool summers, cold winters, heavy rain all year

different air masses that meet in the British Isles

continental winds in the South East

continental wind

martime wind

martime wind

arctic wind

arctic winds

tropical wind

tropical winds

arctic wind

deserts getting drier-desertification

longer growing seasons

air pollution

fewer deaths

longer growing season

disease spread

less need for energy consumption

disease spread

increase in crops - potatoes and wheat

increase floods

better grass yield for livestock

water shortage

increase in floods

fewer deaths in winter

high sea levels

reduction in energy