The Coastal Zone

Swash

Backwash

Fetch

Constructive Waves

Destructive Waves

Types of Erosion

Erosion

Abrasion

Attrition

Hydraulic Action

Solution

Wave-cut Notch

Wave-cut Platform

Headlands

Bays

Caves

Arches

Stacks

Types of Transport

Saltation

Solution

Traction

Suspension

Long shore Drift

Beaches

How are Sand Dunes formed?

Spits

Bars

Marine Processes

Sub-aerial processes

Types of Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

Types of Mass Movement

Sliding

Slumping

Environmental Refugees

Types of Hard Engineering

Hard Engineering

Sea walls

Groynes

Rock Armour

Gabions

Types of Soft Engineering

Soft Engineering

Beach Nourishment

Sand dune regeneration

Salt marsh creation

Managed retreat

Shoreline management plan