What is the valence shell?
It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no. = 23)
It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive.
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
It is the same as the orbital configuration
It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom.
Which of the following best describes ionic bonding?
two atoms exchanging a set of electrons
two atoms sharing a set of electrons
one atom giving up some of its electrons to another atom
when two elements with same charge are held together by electrostatic forces
none of the above
How many valence electrons does bromine (Br, atomic no. = 35) have?
28
7
21
1
35
The source of an atom's electronegativity is the
kinetic energy electrons have orbiting the nucleus.
repulsive force occurring among electrons within the same shell.
repulsive force occurring between electrons within neighboring shells.
positively charged atomic nucleus.
Metals are often used for making designer jewelry because they
conduct electricity
do not conduct heat well
are shiny
are strong but can be bent
c and d (are shiny, are strong but can be bent)
Which of the following is the main form of intermolecular attractions among water molecules?
hydrogen bonding
induced dipole-induced dipole
polar-induced polar
ion-dipole
covalent bonding
If a neutral atom gains two electrons, what is the electrical charge of the atom?
+1
+2
neutral
-1
-2
What is the difference between a dipole-dipole interaction and an ion-dipole interaction?
one involves hydrogen bonding while the other does not
one involves dipole attraction between neutral molecules while the other involves dipole interactions with ions
one involves salts and water while the other doesn't involve water
one involves ionic molecules interacting with other ionic molecules while the other deals with polar molecules
How is it possible for a neutral molecule, such as water, to form an ion?
It can fragment into protons and electrons.
It can combine with a chloride ion to form a negatively charged species.
It can absorb electrons and become negatively charged.
It can combine with a hydrogen ion to form a positively charged species.
It can absorb electrons and become positively charged.
How do the electron-dot structures of elements in the same group in the periodic table compare with one another?
The number of electrons in the electron-dot-structure will equal the group number for each element of the group.
The structures differ by exactly two electrons between vertically consecutive elements.
Elements of the same group have the same number of valence electrons.
The number of valence shell electrons increases by one for each element from the top to the bottom of the group.
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -2 charge?
Mg
S
Cl
Ne
Na
Many of the macroscopic properties of a compound depend on ________.
the mass of the constituent atoms
how the atoms of the molecules are held together
the number of nucleons present in the sample
the size of the sample
how the atoms absorb light and the shape of the orbitals
Which of the following statements describes a polar molecule?
The molecules are usually not attracted to one another very strongly.
Polar molecules have the weakest intermolecular interactions with ionic compounds.
The electrons in the molecule are distributed evenly throughout the molecule.
The molecules have a high degree of symmetry.
None of these statements describe polar molecules.
Metals are useful for the structural support of buildings because they
c and d
Which of the following statements best describes a relatively polar bond?
a very electronegative atom and a weakly electronegative atom are covalently bound
two very electronegative atoms undergo ionic bonding
two very electronegative atoms are covalently bound
two weakly electronegative atoms undergo ionic bonding
What property of metal atoms account for many of the observed bulk phenomena seen in metal samples?
Metals readily form covalent bonds.
Metal atoms easily lose one or more outer electrons.
Metals readily form ionic bonds.
Metal atoms easily gain one or more outer electrons.
Which of the following is NOT an ion?
Mg+2
NO3-
H+1
O2
Br-
If a neutral atom loses one electron, what is the electrical charge of the atom?
How many more electrons can fit within the valence shell of a hydrogen atom?
2
0
What is the main difference between a dipole-dipole interaction and a dipole-induced dipole interaction?
Dipole-induced dipole interactions are stronger because the induced dipoles can be formed at any time.
Dipole-dipole interactions are weaker because the dipoles are permanent.
Both are similar, but one involves a temporary dipole created by a permanent dipole.
Both are identical.
Distinguish between a metal and a metal-containing compound.
Only one of these contains ionic bonds.
Only one of these contains covalent bonds.
There is no distinction between the two.
Only one of these occurs naturally.
Which of the following describes how a metal atoms behaves in a bulk metallic object?
The metal atoms have limited interaction with neighboring atoms.
The metal atom shares its electrons in a very directional manner.
The metal atom shares its electrons with only one other atom.
The metal ion shares its outermost electrons freely with its neighbors.
How is the number of unpaired valence electrons in an atom related to the number of bonds that the atom can form?
There is no defined relationship between the number of unpaired valence electrons and number of bonds that the atom can form.
The number of unpaired valence electrons in an atom is the same as the number of bonds that the atom can form.
The number of unpaired valence electrons in an atom is twice the number of bonds that the atom can form.
The number of unpaired valence electrons in an atom is one-half the number of bonds that the atom can form.
Which of the following does not describe ionic compounds?
They have a tendency to melt easily.
They are usually very ordered.
They consist of positive and negative ions.
They are held together by electrostatic attraction.
Atoms of nonmetallic elements form covalent bonds, but they can also form ionic bonds. How is this possible?
An ionic bond results when a nonmetallic elements gains an electron from a metallic element.
This happens when one of the bonded nonmetallic elements has a strong electronegativity.
It happens when one of the nonmetallic elements loses an electron to become a positive ion.
An ionic bond results when a nonmetallic elements loses an electron to a metallic element.
In a solution of 77 percent nitrogen and 23 percent oxygen, which is the solvent?
nitrogen
oxygen
both
neither
gases cannot form solutions
If you filter sea water to remove all of the particles you would be left with a clear ________.
homogeneous mixture called a suspension
heterogeneous mixture called a solution
heterogeneous mixture called a suspension
pure liquid
homogeneous mixture called a solution
How would you classify the following material?
milk
a solution
a compound
a suspension
an element
a heterogeneous mixture
The following image represents which kind of matter?
a mixture
all of the above
Which of the following accurately describes osmosis?
The less concentrated solution gets more dilute.
The more concentrated solution absorbs water from the less concentrated solution.
The less concentrated solution absorbs water from the more concentrated solution.
The ions migrate from the more concentrated solution to the less concentrated.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
The components of a mixture do not have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
A compound can be physically separated into its components; a mixture cannot be physically separated into its components.
A compound is just a mixture of elements.
A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.
The components of a compound have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
A combination of two or more substances in which they no longer retain their chemical properties is called a(n) ________.
compound
heterogeneous mixture
periodic trend
suspension
mixture
The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together.
They both consist of atoms from different elements.
The way in which their atoms are bonded together.
One is a solid and the other is a liquid.
Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?
one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar
one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar
one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar
one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar
They all have the same volume
What is the purpose of treating water with chlorine gas or ozone during water purification?
to improve taste
to kill bacteria
to improve color
to remove solids
coffee (black)
In a solution made from one teaspoon of sugar and one liter of water, which is the solute?
sugar
the teaspoon
water
both sugar and water
Mixtures can be separated into their components by taking advantage of differences in the chemical properties of the components. Why might this separation method be less convenient than taking advantage of differences in the physical properties of the components?
The chemical properties of the components of a mixture are too different from each other.
The chemical properties of the components of a mixture are too similar to each other.
A chemical property involves a chemical change so that you no longer have what you had.
Chemical properties are not as apparent as are physical properties.
coffee (with milk)
Which of the following is not a typical use for potable water?
cooking in a pot
flushing a toilet
boiling
irrigation
drinking
Which has the most atoms?
a mole of helium
a mole of gold
a mole of lead
All of the above have the same number of atoms.
When blue food coloring is stirred into water, the result is a ________.
0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar
0.5 liter of water with 50 grams of sugar
2 liters of water with 0.2 gram of sugar
3 liters of water with 30 grams of sugar
They all have the same concentration.
How might you separate a mixture of sand and salt?
just add water
with tweezers and a magnifying glass
heat the mixture until one of the components melts
Two of the above answers are reasonable.
a cappuccino (with foam)
Why can't the elements of a compound be separated from one another by physical means?
Elements found within a compound tend to be inert.
They are too homogeneous when found within a compound.
Elements tend not to be soluble in water.
Their atoms are too tightly bound to one another.
Why is secondary treatment often needed for sewage?
The solution is contaminated with dangerous bacteria.
The dissolved organics are too high and lead to bacterial growth.
There are too many finely divided particles that need to be filtered.
There are too many dissolved inorganic compounds.
What do chicken noodle soup and garden soil have in common?
They are both examples of compounds.
They both contain elements.
They are both examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
nothing
Which of the following statements about sewage is not true?
Treated sewage becomes drinking water downstream.
All municipalities must treat sewage the same way.
All municipalities must treat sewage.
Once treated, sewage is released to the environment.
None of the above are true.
How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature?
As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up.
As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down.
As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up.
As temperature goes up, the solubility goes down.
both A and B : (As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down.)
Which of the following elements has six valence electrons?
Be
B
N
C
O
Which of the following molecules contains a polar bond?
F-F
Cl-Cl
H-H
H-F
If you mix a typical aluminum ion (Al, atomic no. = 13) with a typical oxygen ion (O, atomic no. = 8), what compound is formed?
Al2O3
Al13O8
Al3O2
Al3O
Al2O2
How many valence electrons does gallium (Ga, atomic no. = 31) have?
31
3
6
70
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -1 charge?
Which of the following compounds has polar covalent bonds?
CsF2
S8
CH4
H2O
What it the main difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
One involves electrons, the other does not involve any electrons.
Both bonds are the same, but named different to describe different atoms involved.
One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron.
The electrons are traded between the two atoms and this keeps the atoms close.
If you mix a typical iodine ion (I, atomic no. = 53) with a typical barium ion (Ba, atomic no. = 56), what compound is formed?
BaI
Ba56I53
Ba2I2
BaI2
Ba2I
Barium ions carry a 2+ charge, and nitrogen ions carry a 3-charge. What would be the chemical formula for the ionic compound barium nitride?
Ba3N4
Ba3N2
Ba2N2
Ba2N3
What does the line in the following example actually represent?
H—H
a shared pair of electrons
a covalent bond
an ionic bond
a pair of nonbonding electrons
A and B: a shared pair of electrons, a covalent bond
Does an ionic bond have a dipole?
No, dipoles are only found in covalent compounds.
Yes, the ionic bond is an example of a very strong dipole.
No, but the electrical charges are relatively strong.
Yes, but for ionic compounds they are referred to as monopoles.
The concept of a chemical bond is ________.
how two or more electrons reside in an orbital
the sharing of nucleons
how two or more atoms are held together
how much energy it takes to remove an electron from a set of atoms
What is one role of unpaired valance electrons?
They are the nonbonding electrons.
They tell us which Lewis dot structure is correct.
They take part in the formation of different types of bonds.
They keep the paired electrons separated to minimize interaction.
They provide the number of Lewis dots.
What is a molecule?
group of covalent compounds held together by ionic bonds
pair of shared valence electrons
a group of atoms that are held together by ionic bonds
a group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds
pair of atoms sharing a set of valence electron
In terms of the periodic table, is there an abrupt or gradual change between ionic and covalent bonds?
There is a gradual change: the farther apart, the more ionic.
There is an abrupt change that occurs across the metalloids
Whether an element forms one or the other depends on nuclear charge and not the relative positions in the periodic table.
Actually, any element of the periodic table can form a covalent bond.
both A and B (As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down.)
What is the first step in treating raw sewage?
removal of sludge
removal of grit by settling
filtration of solids
disinfection
removal of fine particles by settling
What statement best describes a mole?
It is a very large number chemists use to count atoms or molecules.
the amount of molecules or atoms in 1 gram of something
a very small number chemists use to count atoms or molecules
a little furry mammal that lives in the ground
Which of the following would be considered a homogeneous mixture?
hydrogen cyanide
wine
pretzel
rusty iron
Which of the following solutions is the most dilute?
They all have the same volume.
Which of the following is a pure substance?
salt water
orange juice
baking soda
duct tape
cooking oil
A sample of steel is composed of 5 percent carbon and 95 percent iron. Which is the solvent?
carbon
iron
steel
Steel is not a solution, it is a mixture.
A solid cannot be a solvent.
Which of the following material phases cannot form a solution?
solids
gases
liquids
All of the above can form solutions.
None of the above can form solutions.
How does a suspension differ from a solution?
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture consisting of different phases whereas a solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of a single phase.
The difference between a suspension and a solution can only be determined by chemical means.
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture whose components can be separated by simple filtration. A solution is a homogeneous mixture which cannot be separated by simple filtration.
Although a solution and suspension are both homogeneous mixtures, only the components of a suspension will separate by spinning the mixture in a centrifuge.
swimming pool water
a pure element
a pure compound
homogeneous mixture
depends on how many children have been in it
Which of the following bonds would be the most polar?
C-Cl
C-Br
C-F
C-I
All are equally polar.
Which of the following bonds would be the least polar?
C-H
C-O
Which of the following elements will most likely not form an ion at all?
Br
Ar
Which of the following is the weakest?
A dipole-induced dipole attraction
A dipole-dipole attraction
An induced dipole-induced dipole attraction
An ion-dipole attraction
A chemical bond
Which of the following compounds contains ionic bonds?
OF2
Cl2
K2O
Which of the following molecules is the most polar?
HCl
BrF
Br2
CO
Which of the following statements is untrue?
Covalent molecules usually have low melting points.
Covalent molecules can have nonbonding electrons.
Covalent bonds can involve more than one pair of electrons.
Covalent molecules are never crystalline.
All of the above statements are true.
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a +1 charge?
Al
Si
Which of the following is not a property of metal?
conducts electricity
is strong, but can be bent
does not conduct heat well
is shiny
All of the above are properties of metals.
Is an ionic compound an example of a chemical compound, or is a chemical compound an example of an ionic compound?
An ionic compound is an example of a chemical compound.
Each is an example of the other.
An chemical compound is an example of a ionic compound.
Neither is an example of the other.
Which of the following statements describes a saturated solution?
a solution of salt water with salt at the bottom
a carbonated beverage with bubbles
a solution where the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute
What is molarity?
the number of liters of solute per mole of solution
the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent
the number of grams of solute per liter of solution
Is the air in your house a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?
heterogeneous because of the dust particles it contains
homogeneous because it is all at the same temperature
homogeneous because it is mixed very well
heterogeneous because it consists of different types of molecules
Which of the following would be considered a heterogeneous mixture?
vinegar
vegetable oil
salad dressing
Which of the following is a mixture?
helium
air
gold
salt
How is the solubility of a gas affected by temperature?
As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up
As temperature goes up, the solubility stays the same.
both A and B
