Clinical Psychology

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SZ occurs in 1% of the population

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What are the 4 D's?

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The statistical definition of abnormality describes the 'norm' as something which is ❌ or typical. When behaviour is rare it is classed as ❌. Normal characteristics occur in ❌ of the population. Abnormal characteristics occur in the ❌ of the population on either side.

usual

unexpected

abnormal

weird

95%

90%

80%

2.5%

5%

10%

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The ❌ definition of abnormality states that those who do not follow the ❌ rules (clearly written eg. law) or ❌ rules (eg. suggested but not expressed in a formal manner) are abnormal. Behaviour cannot be considered abnormal as long as ❌ accepts it.

social norm

abnormal

explicit

implicit

society

I

other normal people

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Label the image with the appropriate text

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Label the image with the correct text

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Aetiological validity is defined as the extent to which a disorder has the same cause of causes. A diagnosis has aetiological validity when the diagnosis reflects known causes eg. family history in a disorder known to have genetic causes.

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The majority of SZ cases are found in those who are lower class. In the UK, 4 in 1000 people from the lowest social class have SZ. - This explanation for SZ is known as:

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Other possible causes of SZ include:

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Dopamine pathways relevant to SZ symptoms

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Gottesman and ( Shields, Shield, Shhhh, Samantha ) (1996) studied ( 61, 60, 90, 65 ) MZ or DZ twins. Concordance rates for MZ twins was ( 42%, 45% ) (but in severe cases of SZ concordance rate was ( higher, lower )). Concordance rates for DZ twins was ( 17%, 20%, 3% ).

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Anti-psychiatry movement: ( Szasz, Shulze, Szaszasz ) (1972) wrote 'myth of mental illness'. ( Foucalt, Fowlcalt, Food, Flukehalt ) (1961) label of 'mental illness' was misused to keep control of those who were a threat to society. ( Laing, Lang, Lady, Lauderback ) (1960) said SZ is a label used as a form of violece by the government on ( non-conformists, conformists )

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Phase 1 of FBT is called 'refeeding'

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Serotonin explanation for AN: ( Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Yummyness ) in food trigger serotonin production in the brain to make you feel ( full, hungry ). In a person with AN the lack of serotonin production makes them feel ( calmer, karma, worse ) but the brain ( overcompensates, undercompensates ) for the lack of serotonin by producing extra, making the person feel ( worse, better ).

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( Carlsson, Carlson ) et al 1999/2000 - contemporary study. The study was actually a ( review, meta-analysis ).
Aim: show how neurotransmitter functioning and psychosis provide explanations for ( SZ, AN ).
Method: obtain evidence on role of ( neurotransmitters, receptors ) in SZ.
Findings: PCP acts as an ( antagonist, protagonist ) of a glutamate receptor - glutamate deficiency = psychosis. Glutamate failure = + & - symptoms. Clozapine = highly ( effective, ineffective ) for SZ.
Conclusions: More research needed. Drug therapies must consider roles of neurotransmitters.

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HCPC Standards

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Triangulating is where you take one or two pieces of information and consider them individually to make a conclusion

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Mann Whitney U-test is used when

Clinical psychology quiz for edexcel 2016 where 'other disorder' is AN and where studies are rosenhan, carlsson and Guardia

Clinical Psychology

SZ occurs in 1% of the population

What are the 4 D's?

The statistical definition of abnormality describes the 'norm' as something which is ❌ or typical. When behaviour is rare it is classed as ❌. Normal characteristics occur in ❌ of the population. Abnormal characteristics occur in the ❌ of the population on either side.

The ❌ definition of abnormality states that those who do not follow the ❌ rules (clearly written eg. law) or ❌ rules (eg. suggested but not expressed in a formal manner) are abnormal. Behaviour cannot be considered abnormal as long as ❌ accepts it.

Label the image with the appropriate text

Label the image with the correct text

Aetiological validity is defined as the extent to which a disorder has the same cause of causes. A diagnosis has aetiological validity when the diagnosis reflects known causes eg. family history in a disorder known to have genetic causes.

The majority of SZ cases are found in those who are lower class. In the UK, 4 in 1000 people from the lowest social class have SZ. - This explanation for SZ is known as:

Other possible causes of SZ include:

Dopamine pathways relevant to SZ symptoms

Phase 1 of FBT is called 'refeeding'

HCPC Standards

Triangulating is where you take one or two pieces of information and consider them individually to make a conclusion

Mann Whitney U-test is used when