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Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory

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Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Frage 1 von 33

1

In an outbreak situation molecular epidemiology is used to______

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ascertain whether the isolates have a common or independent source.

  • ascertain whether the isolates have a evolved from control specimens

  • identify novel SNP

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 33

1

In molecular testing of microorganisms what are the analyses?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • genome, transcriptome, proteome

  • genome, transcriptome, antibodies

  • lipids, transcriptome, proteome

  • sugars, lipids, amino acids

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 33

1

Match an organism with a resistance gene target.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Staphylococcus aureus mecA; Enterococcus: vanA, vanB, and vanC; M.tuberculosis: katG, inhA

  • Staphylococcus aureus vanA, vanB, and vanC; Enterococcus: mecA; M.tuberculosis: katG, inhA

  • Staphylococcus aureus vanA, vanB, and vanC; Enterococcus: katG, inhA; M.tuberculosis: mecA

  • Staphylococcus aureus katG, inhA ; Enterococcus: vanA, vanB, and vanC; M.tuberculosis: mecA

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 33

1

What are the primary molecular methods used in clinical microbiology laboratory?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)

  • PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR,

  • PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, sequencing,

  • Bisulfite sequencing, PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, Bisulfite sequencing,

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 33

1

Which of the following organisms is bardes to lyse?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mycobacteria and fungi

  • Parasites and Bacteria

  • Parasites and Mycoplasma

  • Fungi and Mycoplasma

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 33

1

Removal of RNases is essential for analysis of with of the following targets?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • RNA

  • DNA

  • Proteins

  • Ribosomes

  • Centromere

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 33

1

Which of the following PCR inhibitors is present in the sputum?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Acidic polysaccharides

  • Hemoglobin

  • Heparin

  • Amino acids

  • Aluminum

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 33

1

It is easier to isolate nucleic acid form the stool the the plasma.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 33

1

In a PCR procedure a sensitivity control is used to show____

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • lower level of detection

  • lack of contamination

  • quantity of positive product

  • lack of inhibition

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 33

1

B. pertussis and B. parapertussis target genes are IS481 and IS1001.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 33

1

Which of the following is a genotypic method for typing organisms?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Antibiogram patterns

  • Pulsed field gel electrophoresis

  • Serotyping

  • Bacteriophage typing

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 33

1

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis has been performed on two isolates of Escherichia coli that have been isolated from the blood of newborns in the same neonatal unit. The banding pattern of the two isolates differed by two bands. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these results?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The isolates are indistinguishable.

  • The isolates are closely related.

  • The isolates are possibly related.

  • The isolates are different.

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 33

1

Define Epidemic

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • rapidly spreading outbreak of an infectious disease

  • a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas

  • collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 33

1

Define Pandemic

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas

  • rapidly spreading outbreak of an infectious disease

  • collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 33

1

Define Epidemiology

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data

  • a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas

  • rapidly spreading outbreak of an infectious disease

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 33

1

Primary resistance mutations _______

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • affect drug sensitivity but may slow viral growth

  • increase drug sensitivity

  • increase drug uptake

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 33

1

Secondary-resistance mutations ______

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • compensate for the primary-resistance growth defects

  • do not compensate for the primary-resistance growth defects

  • cancel primary-resistance growth defects

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 33

1

Which of the following is the molecular target for most epidemiological investigations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • katG

  • inhA

  • IS6110

  • IS481

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 33

1

Which of the following typing methods has high typing capacity, discriminatory power, reproducibility, and moderate ease of use?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Plasmid analysis

  • Ribotyping

  • PCR-RFLP

  • PFGE

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 33

1

DNA is isolated from a test organism and cut with restriction enzymes. The fragments are ligated to adapters that are complementary to primers that are added to perform a PCR. In a second PCR, selective primers are used to amplify some of the amplicons produced in the first PCR. Finally, the products of the second PCR are separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed. Which of the following methods was described?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Restriction fragment length polymorphism

  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism

  • Pulsed field gel electrophoresis

  • Arbitrarily primed PCR

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 33

1

In the interpretation of pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns, what is the maximum number of bands that can differ between two organisms before those organisms are determined to be different?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 2

  • 3

  • 5

  • 7

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 33

1

A PCR assay that uses short primers that amplify random sequences found throughout the genome of the test organism is what variation of PCR?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Arbitrarily primed

  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism

  • Repetitive extragenic palindromic

  • Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 33

1

The ability of a typing method to distinguish between unrelated strains is which of the following criteria?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Typing capacity

  • Discriminatory power

  • Reproducibility

  • Ease of interpretation

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 33

1

When a typing method is repeated and the results are the same each time, the method has high:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ease of test performance

  • discriminatory power

  • typing capacity

  • reproducibility

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 33

1

Which of the following genes is a target in molecular-based assays and confers resistance to vancomycin in the enterococci?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • inhA

  • mecA

  • vanA

  • gyrA

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 33

1

A PCR assay on DNA isolated from a nasopharyngeal swab was performed with the following results: amplification using primers to IS481 was positive and using primers to IS1001 was negative. All controls were acceptable. Which of the following organisms was present in this sample?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bordetella pertussis

  • Bordetella parapertussis

  • Bordetella holmesii

  • Legionella pneumophila

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 33

1

A PCR assay using primers specific for the autolysin (lytA) gene was performed on a sputum specimen from a 10-year-old girl. The specimen was positive, and all controls were acceptable. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these results?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Definitive diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is present but clinical significance questionable

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected and girl should be isolated

  • Patient has Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 33

1

Which of the following molecular-based assay and detected organism combinations has been FDA-approved?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • NASBA for hepatitis C virus

  • TMA for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Hybridization protection assay for group A streptococci

  • Sequencing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 33

1

PCR with RFLP analysis and reverse hybridization of the 5′ untranslated region of hepatitis C virus is the principle of which of the following commercial assays?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • TRUGENE

  • Cleavase fragment length polymorphism

  • Amplicor HCV

  • Inno-LiPA

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 33

1

HIV genotyping is performed for which of the following reasons?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance

  • Confirmation of HIV infection

  • Quantitate amount of HIV in the patient

  • Determine source of HIV

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 33

1

Which of the following genes is the target in molecular-based assays that are used to quantitate the amount of HIV in a patient?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Protease

  • gag

  • Hemaglutinin

  • ctx-m

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 33

1

Which of the following molecular-based assays is FDA-approved for the detection of human papillomavirus in endocervical specimens?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • qPCR

  • NASBA

  • TMA

  • Hybrid capture

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 33

1

Which of the following organisms was one of the first targets for the development and implementation of molecular-based assays used for direct detection of the organism in a clinical specimen?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae

  • Treponema pallidum

  • Chlamydia trachomatis

  • Legionella pneumophila

Erklärung

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