Creatine Phosphate is...

The metabolism of creatine phosphate is regulated in part by:

Fast Glycolysis

A "high energy" of the cell is represented by...

Approximately 70% of oxygen consumption at rest is used to...

Pyruvate is...

A person consuming 1.32L of oxygen per minute while running. They are working at 6METS. What is their resting oxygen consumption in mL O2/min?

A reasonable estimate of resting oxygen consumption is...

In general, during short term, high intensity exercise.... this system predominates

A trained person and an untrained person begin to exercise at a submax workload. Which will reach steady state first?
What does steady state mean?
Why does that person reach stead state first?

During exercise, exhalation of CO2 increases... CO2 comes from?

In the cytosol...

In the mitochondria...

Correctly identify the types of muscle fibers found in the body

It is not unreasonable to estimate that...

NADH and FADH enter the ETC at different sites...

The majority of postural muscles are made up of which fiber type?

In skeletal muscle, pyruvate crosses the mitochondrial membrane...

If physical exercise is performed at the proper intensity, frequency, and duration...

Type I muscle fibers are characterized by...

3 more ATP will be generated eventually if a foodstuff enters the appropriate pathway as acetyl COA vs. pyruvate

For a 20C fatty acid, the net ATP production will be...

A 24-C fatty acid requires how many cycles of beta oxidation are required for it's full "preparation" to enter the KREBS cycle?

Match the primary rate limiting enzyme with the stage of metabolism that it regulates
KREBS CYCLE
GLYCOLYSIS
ETC/OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

Fat is an excellent fuel, in part, because:

Which of the following is NOT a fate of lactic acid?

The ability of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to make new glucose

Which pathways DO NOT involve and initial energy investment phase prior to an energy production phase?

Where does the process take place?
KREBS cycle
Fast glycolysis
3 proton pumps to increase proton concentration
pyruvate dehydrogenase acts as a platform here for pyruvate and NAD+ to bind to and ultimately forming acetyl COA and NADH

Stearate is an 18-C fatty acid, how many high energy phosphate molecules are consumed during the activation phase prior to beta oxidation?

Short-term, high intensity exercise...

Blood glucose is maintained during exercise, at least in part by...

Cardiovascular disease is a stress on the body, this might result in...

If exercise training is performed at the proper intensity, frequency and duration... a hallmark training effect is...

In general, HR can increase from approximately 100 beats/min up to 220-age at least in part via

When the rate of glycolysis is... due to reduced substrate, i.e. low muscle glycogen, pyruvic acid levels decrease- resulting in a reduced number of... This can result in fatigue

Sensitivity of insulin receptor to circulating insulin can be improved by exercise training

The best place to sample blood from to obtain an estimate of venous drainage from all circulations would be

Why does reduced KREBS cycle activity lower ATP production from fat metabolism? Because acetyl COA produced as a result of FFA oxidation can only be metabolized via the KREBS cycle. Therefor when... stores are depleted, the rate at which... is metabolized also is... i.e. "fats burn in the flame of carbohydrates"

Skeletal muscle glucose uptake can increase in response to:

At the onset of exercise, sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes... and ... to be synthesized and released into the blood where they activate... receptors on the atria and ventricles to increase the ... and ... properties of the heart

When you think about exercise... release onto the... node... and the heart rate... from its resting 70beats/min to its intrinsic rate of approximately...

During exercise...

Glucose uptake by active skeletal muscles actually increase during dynamic exercise because...

During exercise growth hormone...

Consider hormonal control of blood glucose levels during exercise...

Compared to an untrained person, a person who has trained at a sufficient intensity, frequency, and duration might exhibit

Blood glucose is maintained during exercise by...

Epinephrine can...

Growth hormone and thyroid hormone and cortisol...

The least resistance to blood flow is... whereas the highest surface area is in the... and the... contain the greatest percentage of blood volume.

The phase of the heart when both the....valves are opened is called...

The period between A & E represents...

The period between C and B

The increase in afterload, represented as the letter... is the pressure that must be overcome by the... and ... to being...

If point A on the pressure volume loop occurs at 60mL on the X axis. Ejection fraction of this ventricle for this particular cardiac cycle would be...

Ejection fraction is a clinically relevant indicator of... and would be... in response to dynamic exercise in a person with heart failure.

If HR was 70beats/min, the cardiac output of this person would be...

An exercise stress test is used to increase the demand for... by the heart. If the... of oxygen cannot meet demand for oxygen a process called... will develop. This can disrupt the... activity of the heart which can be detected by trained individuals by monitoring the...

At the onset of exercise there is a global vasoconstriction caused by activation of the... division of the autonomic nervous system. This is caused by... released from adrengic nerve terminals to activate... receptors.

Global vasoconstriction at the onset of dynamic exercise is most prominent in the... and... regions of the circulation because the receptors are involved are... in these regions

At the onset of dynamic exercise there is an increase in myocardial contractility caused by activation of the... division of the autonomic nervous system which stimulates release of... and... from adrenal medulla to activate... receptors

The least resistance to blood flow is in the... whereas the highest blood pressures are found in the... and the... contain the greatest percentage of blood volume.

Three principal mechanisms for increasing venous return during exercise are...

If all else is equal, the Frank-Starling principle of the heart illustrates that...

The pressure increase from B to C can be quantified as...

The point E represents... It will... when... increases as a healthy person transitions from rest to exercise.

Afterload is represented by point... it will.. during... type exercise

Compared to pre-exercise conditions... during dynamic exercise...

An individuals maximal force generated (MVC) using a handgrip dynamometer is 32kg. After a rest period, the maintain 16kg of force for 2 min. which is true?

In order to increase oxygen demands of active skeletal muscle during dynamic type exercise, at least two major adjustments occur... they include...

What is MAP pre-exercise?

According to Poiseullies Law...

What is HR during exercise?

What is stoke volume pre exercise?

What is SVR during exercise?

What is VO2 during exercise?

What is VO2 pre exercise?

Which are true concerning the different strategies that tissues use so that blood flow (supply) can meet metabolic demand during dynamic exercise at 85% VO2 max?

Exercise such as jogging, cycling, swimming, and cross country skiing evoke a... overload on the heart which can result in... hypertrophy if done at the proper intensity, frequency, and duration

Exercise such as circuit training using resistance exercise at >60-70% of IRM would evoke... overload which can result in... hypertrophy if done at the proper intensity, frequency, and duration

Sympathetic stimulation at the onset of exercise can increase circulating concentrations of catecholamines... regarding the increase in blood flow to active skeletal muscle...

With regard to dynamic rhythmic contractions... the skeletal muscle pump is sometimes referred to as the "second heart" because it can

Nitric Oxide that is released from... can act on... to facilitate... AND nitric oxide released from... can act on... to facilitate...

In a disease free adult heart, approx. 95% of ATP production is derived from... with the remainder belong derived from... and GTP formation in the...

Exercise training can increase myocardial mass by > 20% if done at the proper intensity, frequency, and duration. The hypertrophy of the cardio myocytes themselves, which may increase in size by adding new sarcomas either in... (concentric hypertrophy) thus increasing cardiac wall... or in... (eccentric hypertrophy) thus increasing chamber volume.

Would you characterize the heart as being flexible or not flexible with regard to substrate utilization

VO2 (mL/min) =cardiac output (mL blood/min) x arterial - venous oxygen difference (mL O2/mL blood). Said another way, oxygen consumption (VO2) = delivery i.e. flow (cardiac output) x uptake i.e. oxygen extraction i.e. (arterial - venous oxygen diff)
if you wanted to measure oxygen consumption (VO2) of the heart, you would use... for the delivery component and... as the arterial oxygen component and... as the venous oxygen component.

Afferent feedback to the cardiovascular control center during the contraction would be provided in part by...

If baroreceptors sense a decrease in blood pressure below set point, there will be... afferent nerve activity to cardiovascular control center, which will... sympathetic nerve activity and... parasympathetic nerve activity to try and correct error signal

If all else is equal, and there is a progressive... in blood pressure, the blood vessel will... tone i.e.... diameter

The carotid bodies are chemoreceptors that are...

Functional sympatholysis that occurs during exercise when sympathetic vasoconstriction is overwhelmed in the working muscle, in part by...

A subject produces 20kg of force when asked to perform maximal handgrip, when the subject maintains 15kg of force for 2min..

An individuals maximal force generated using a handgrip dynamometer is 32kg. After a rest period, they maintain 16kg of force for 2 min. which are true concerning the cardiovascular response?

A subject produces 20kg of force when asked to perform a MVC. If the subject releases the handgrip, but blood flow is NOT allowed to re-perfuse the tissue because an occlusion cuff has been placed around the arm and inflated to a pressure above systolic arterial pressure...

Occulsion chart
The reduction in blood flow at the onset of occlusion 1 (40% MVC) likely results from... in this situation afterload... and BP...

A subject produces 20kg of force when performing MVC. When subject maintains 15kg of force for 2 min. when subject releases their grip...

Breathing frequency (breaths/min) x tidal volume is referred to as.... and a reasonable value for this at rest would be...

In the standing position at rest, blood flow is less at the top of lung. This results from the fact that...

Regarding the exercise-induced increase in blood flow through the lungs, which statement is true?

If someone had a low hemoglobin content of 11g/100mL of blood, what would their arterial oxygen content be at rest? Assume that hemoglobin is 97% saturated. Assume that no oxygen is dissolved in plasma. Each molecule of Hb can potentially carry 1.34mL O2.

During exercise, the vascular smooth muscle of the bronchioles dilates so that the airway can increase in diameter to therefore decrease the resistance to breathing. This is accomplished, in part, by...

The solubility coefficient of oxygen is .00304mL O2/100mL/mmHg. What is the arterial-venous oxygen difference IN THE PLASMA during sub maximal exercise at sea level if venous PO2 is 20mmHg

Which are true concerning the different "strategies" that tissues use so that blood flow (supply) can meet demand during dynamic exercise at 85% VO2 max?