Flashcards on Couples (4.1)

What does the 'domestic division of labour' refer to?

Talcott Parsons offers a functionalist model of the family in which there is a clear division of labour between the spouses. What are the separate roles he discusses?

What does Parsons say the division of labour is based on?

Who distinguishes between two types of conjugal roles?

What two conjugal roles does Bott describe?

What school of thought do Young and Wilmott belong to?

What do Young and Wilmott believe is happening to the family?

What do Young and Wilmott mean by the 'symmetrical family'?

Young and Wilmott found that the symmetrical family was more common among who?

What major social changes do Young and Wilmott believe caused the rise of symmetrical families?

How do feminist sociologists respond to Young and Wilmott's view?

Where does the inequality within the family stem from, according to feminists?

Feminist sociologist Ann Oakley criticises Young and Wilmott's, stating that they exaggerate the extent of change. In her own study of housewives, what did Oakley find?

What domestic labour are men most likely to participate in?

Which other feminist sociologist conducted a study, the results of which support Oakley's findings?

What did Boulton say Young and Wilmott did wrong in their research?

What is meant by a 'new man'?

Women working can be interpreted as a positive change. What do the March of Progress think of women working?

What do feminist sociologists think women going into paid work has created?

The British Social Attitudes survey supports the existence of a dual burder. In 2012, men and women did how many hours of housework a week, on average?

Additionally, how are tasks divided between couples, according to Alan Warde and Kevin Hetherington?

Arlie Russell Hochschild coined the phrase 'emotion work'. What is meant by this?

Which two sociologists argue that with the responsibilities of paid work, domestic labour and emotion work taken into consideration, women now face a 'triple shift'?

Rosemary Crompton and Claire Lyonette identify two different explanations for the unequal division of labour. What are they?

Describe the ideological explanation of inequality.

Describe the economic explanation of inequality.

What did Jonathan Gershuny find to support the ideological explanation?

What did Man Yee Kan find to support the economic explanation?

The division of labour among same-sex couples seemingly supports the ideological explanation. Gillian Dunne's study of lesbian couples with dependent children found they were more likely than heterosexual women to do what?

Why does Dunne say is to blame for heterosexual couples not having equal relationships?

However, what other proof of the economic explanation of inequality did Dunne find, which contradicts her first findings in agreement with the ideological explanation of inequality?

Studies suggest there remains inequality in who does what in the home. There is also inequality in what other aspect of heterosexual relationships?

Which two sociologists identified the two types of control over family income?

What are the two types of control over family income?

Pooling, which is common in today's society, indicates more equality in decision-making and control over resources, but does not necessarily mean this is so. Which two sociologists both found evidence contradicting the claim that equality is increasing?

According to Stephen Edgell, men are more likely to make decisions for what reason?

Feminists argue that inequalities in decision-making aren't simply the result of inequalities in earnings, but are due to what?

What did Charlotte Nyman, who takes a personal life perspective, note with regards to money within a relationship?

There is evidence that same-sex couples often give a different meaning to the control of money in their relationships. What did Carol Smart find?

Smart found there is greater freedom for same-sex couples to do what suits them as a couple. What does she suggest is the reason for this?

Domestic abuse can include what types of violence?

Some people believe domestic abuse is caused by something psychological within the abuser's mind. However, sociologists believe its causes are social. What evidence do they provide for this view?

What statistics did Kathryn Coleman and Sarah Osborne find on domestic abuse against women?

Russel Dobash and Rebecca Dobash found that violent incidents could be triggered by what?

While most victims are women, the Crime Survey for England and Wales found a relatively narrow gender gap. What statistics did they offer?

Just knowing how many victims of domestic abuse there are doesn't actually tell us anything about what?

Sylvia Walby and Jonathan Allen found what?

Which sociologist stated that it can be difficult to count separate domestic abuse incidents, as abuse may be continuous or may occur so often that the victim cannot reliably distinguish between the incidents?

Official statistics on domestic abuse understate the true extent of the problem for two main reasons. What are they?

Lack of action by police and prosecutors means that cases successfully prosecuted are a tiny proportion of a very common type of abuse. From 2006 to 2011, How many reported incidents led to a conviction?

There are two explanations for domestic violence. What are they?

Radical feminists interpret findings such as those of Dobash and Dobash as evidence of patriarchy. What does Shulamith Firestone argue about the basis of all societies?

Radical feminists see the family and marriage as what?

Radical feminists point out that state institutions are male dominated. How may this impact the way in which domestic violence cases are handled?

Which sociologist rejects the radical feminist claim that all men benefit from violence against women, arguing that not all men are aggressive to women?

Radical feminists also fail to explain female violence, including child abuse and violence against partners in both heterosexual and homosexual relationships. What did the Crime Survey for England and Wales find in 2013?

Radical feminists use the concept of patriarchy to explain why most victims of domestic violence are women. What do they wrongly assume when doing this?

Radical feminists explain why it is women who are typically victims, but fail to explain which women are most likely to be victims. The Office for National Statistics found that women from certain social groups are at greater risk of DV. Give examples:

The materialist explanation of domestic violence examines how economic factors may play a part in domestic violence. Which two sociologists presented the explanation?

How is Wilkinson and Pickett's examination of domestic violence useful?

However, what do Wilkinson and Pickett fail to explain?

Marxist feminist Fran Ansley answers this. What is her explanation?

Ansley's explanation helps to explain why domestic violence is typically perpetuated by men. What does it fail to explain, however?