Psychological measurement

Physiological experiments

A set of matrices

A form of drug therapy

Measures of skill (speed, accuracy, IQ)

Measures of traits (temperament, disposition)

Measures of reinforcers

Measures of schedules

different

similar

contrasting

alternative

The persons genuine ability, characteristic or potential

The persons predicted ability

The persons average ability

The persons conscious beliefs

how much error variance is in the measurement

how many accurate responses an individual gives

the standard deviation

the squared variance

Allow accurate identification

Measure the intended construct

Predict behavior adequately

All of the answers

.60

>.70

<.60

.55

Assume a given factor structure

Examines whether the data fit the pre- specified factor structure

You don’t make any assumptions about the underlying structure of the measure

You look at extraneous reinforcement

Looking at differences in the Mean of two groups in relation to the Variance of the groups

Looking at differences in the Standard deviation of two groups in relation to the Variance of the groups

Looking at differences in the error of two groups in relation to the Variance of the groups

None of the answers

Calculate the deviation of each score from the mean

Calculate the standard error of each score from the mean

Calculate the sums of squares score from the mean

Square root the standard error

the Standard Deviation of a number of sample means

the mean of a number of sample means

the error of a number of sample means

None of the answers

The alpha level (usually α=.05)

The degrees of freedom

Whether the test is 1 or 2 tailed

All of the answers

participants provide one data point

participants provide more than one data point

individual data points but we match pairs from each group on important variables

Every participant takes part in all the levels of the independent variable

Variance

Standard deviations

Square roots

Squared variance

A questionnaire measure of enjoyment of social interactions correlates negatively with clinician-rated symptoms of social-anxiety

People who take more risks on a task designed to measure impulsive risk taking also use illegal substances more often.

People’s scores on two different self-report measures of depression are similar across multiple time points.

A questionnaire measure of schizophrenia symptoms distinguishes between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and people diagnosed with bipolar disorder

All participants receive all levels of each condition

Data is collected from two individuals that has been matched based on their score for the dependent variable.

Data is collected from one individual but it is collected across two timepoints.

Data is collected from two individuals, but matched on variables that are important for the study

Scores on variable A can be used to predict scores on variable B

There is a statistical relationship between variables A and B.

Variable A is responsible for causing changes in variable B.

Variable C may influence the relationship between variables A and B

The top down approach starts with a theme in mind, and the data is organised accordingly.

The bottom up approach works from the data up, allowing themes to emerge.

A hybrid of top-down and bottom up approaches are commonly used.

None of the answers

A half-way house

the world and our interpretation of it

eyes or something?

Other peoples perspectives on our existence

Attempts to counter the issue of subjectivity

Brings the researcher into the research

Part of quality control

All of the answers

.7

.49

.3

.70

20%

2%

8%

36%

Rorschach

Binet & Simon test of Intelligence

TAT

Cattell's 16pf

experimental designs are not random, whereas quasi-experimental is

quasi-experimental designs are not random, whereas experimental is

neither of the designs use random allocation

experimental designs are more scientific than quasi-experimental

large, small

small, large

average, average

minus value, positive value

more

less

neither of the answers

the effect of a third variable (or more) on both variables

the correlation between two variables

uses both a correlation and a t-test

uses both a correlation and regression

pitch

tone

language

discourse

Minimal interpretation

Often requires revision

Words to describe a chunk of text

All of the answers