What are the characteristics of an observational study?
Investigators observe subjects
Investigators measure variables of interest
Investigators control variables of interest
Descriptive Statistics...
Consists of methods for organizing and summarizing information.
Consists of methods for drawing and measuring the reliability of conclusions about a population based on information obtained from a sample of a population.
Includes the calculation of various descriptive measures such as averages, measures of variation, and percentiles.
Appeared after Inferential Statistics, historically.
Is interrelated with Inferential Statistics
Appeared before Inferential Statistics, historically.
Includes the construction of graphs, charts
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A confounding variable is related both to group membership and to the outcome of interest. Its presence makes it hard to establish the outcome as being a direct consequence of group membership.
