Which of the following statements about the image shown below is NOT an observation?
the insect has three legs on the left side
the insect has a pattern on its back
the insect's pattern shows that it is poisonous
the insect is green, white, and black
A scientific theory is
the same as a hypothesis
a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
the same as the conclusion of an experiment
the first step in a controlled experiment
When shaking sugar and sand together in a test tube, you cause them to form a
mixture
compound
In many cells, the structure that controls the cell's activities is the
cell membrane
nucleolus
organelle
nucleus
To be useful in science, a hypothesis must be correct.
A skeptical attitude in science prevents scientists from accepting new ideas.
The process in which two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism is called sexual reproduction.
The basic unit of matter is a cell.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
The positively charged particle of an atom is called a proton.
Which of these make up atoms? (check all that apply)
protons
neutrons
cells
electrons
genes
alleles
Which of the following are biomolecules?
protein
lipid
macromolecule
amino acid
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have DNA and a
cell wall
mitochondrion
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes carrying genetic information are found in the
ribosomes
lysosomes
The organelles that breeak down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell are called
vacuoles
microfilaments
Cell membranes contain a central bilayer formed by
lipids
carbohydrates
protein pumps
proteins
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as
exocytosis
endocytosis
phagocytosis
osmosis
A substance that moves by passive transport tends to move
away from the area of equilibrium
away from the area where it is less concentrated
away from the area where it is more concentrated
toward the area where it is more concentrated
Which of the following is true of ALL single-celled organisms
they are all prokaryotes
they are all bacteria
they all reproduce
they all have a nucleus
A tissue is composed of a group of
similar cells
organ systems
related organelles
related organs
Which of the following are autotrophs?
deer
plants
leopards
mushrooms
Which of the following is used by cells to store and release the energy needed to power cellular processes?
DNA
ATP
H2O
CO2
The amount of energy stored in a molecule of ATP compared to the amount stored in a molecule of glucose is
greater
less
the same
variable
When a candle burns, energy is released in the form of
carbon dioxide and water
the chemical substance ATP
light and heat
electricity and motion
In addition to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires
water and oxygen
water and sugars
oxygen and carbon dioxide
water and carbon dioxide
The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll
reflects blue light
reflects green light
absorbs blue light
absorbs green light
The first process in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is
light absorption
electron transport
oxygen production
ATP formation
Light dependent reactions begin in photosystem II, ❌. Next comes the ❌. After that, comes the next photosystem, ❌. Finally comes the ❌.
Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin cycle?
ADP
NADPH
pyruvic acid
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the
Calvin cycle
carbon cycle
sugar cycle
ATP cycle
ATP synthase in the chloroplast membrane makes ATP, utilizing the energy of highly concentrated
chlorophyll
hydrogen ions
CAM plants are specialized to survive under what conditions that would harm most other kinds of plants?
low temperatures
hot, dry conditions
excess water
long day lengths
Cells use the energy available in food to make a final energy-rich compound called
water
glucose
Each gram of glucose contains approximately how much energy?
1 calorie
4 calories
1 Calorie
4 Calories
The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is
synthesis
cellular respiration
ATP synthase
photosynthesis
The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in the cell is known as
fermentation
the Krebs cycle
glycolysis
The net gain of energy in glycolysis from one molecule of glucose is
4 ATP molecules
8 ADP molecules
2 ATP molecules
3 pyruvic acid molecules
In eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle takes place within the
chloroplast
cytoplasm
The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to
produce glucose
move H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
convert acetyl-CoA to citric acid
convert glucose to pyruvic acid
Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be
aerobic
anaerobic
cyclic
oxygen-rich
The process carried out by yeast that causes bread dough to rise is
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
yeast mitosis
During heavy exercise, the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells results in
oxygen debt.
The rate at which materials enter and leave the cell depends on the cell's
volume
speciation
weight
surface area
In order for a cell to divide successfully, the cell must first
duplicate its genetic information
decrease its volume
increase its number of chromosomes
decrease its number of organelles
The process that increases genetic diversity within a population is
asexual reproduction
cell division
sexual reproduction
binary fission
Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the
centriole
spindle
centromere
chromosome
If a cell has 12 chromosome, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis and cytokinesis?
4
6
12
24
In plant cells, what forms midway between the divided nuclei during cytokinesis?
nuclear membrane
cell plate
The timing in the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is believed to be controlled by a group of closely related proteins known as
chromatids
centromeres
cyclins
centrioles
Which statement does NOT describe external regulatory proteins?
They respond to events occurring inside a cell
Growth factors are one group of external regulatory proteins
They can speed up or slow down the cell cycle
Some can cause cells to slow down or stop their cell cycles
Bone marrow cells that produce blood cells are best categorized as
embryonic stem cells
pluripotent
adult stem cells
totipotent cells
Which type of cell has the potential to develop into any type of cell?
totipotent
multipotent
differentiated
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
one haploid gamete
three diploid gametes
four diploid gametes
four haploid gametes
A gene map shows
the number of possible alleles for a gene
the relative locations of genes on a chromosome
where chromosomes are in a cell
how crossing-over occurs