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When we say that we are “conscious of” seeing something or hearing a sound, we are referring to consciousness as
a stream of thought.
a metaphysical concept
stream of sensorium.
sensory awareness.
Tom has the ability to pay attention in class, and screen out all the things that are going on around him. What is this called?
outer awareness
selective attention
sensory awareness
selective observation
Some enchanted evening, Andre is at a cocktail party. Suddenly, he hears the voice of a beautiful woman from across the crowded room. What is this phenomenon known as?
the sensory awareness effect
the cocktail party effect
the beautiful woman effect
the crowded room effect
A bird just flew in the window of the classroom, and crashed into a window on the other side of the room, making a loud noise. This incident immediately got the attention of everyone in the room. What would this scenario be referred to as?
intense stimuli.
repetitive stimuli.
novel stimuli.
intense and novel stimuli.
Certain kinds of stimuli have been found to capture people’s attention more easily than others. Among these are __________ stimuli.
intense
novel
repetitive
all of these
Grandma Betsy just called you and told you that she had spilled a gallon of forest green paint all over her new white carpet. Even though you did not see it, you were conscious of the image through
selective attention.
direct inner awareness.
preconscious
automatic consciousness.
Humans are capable of having direct inner awareness of
thoughts.
images.
immediate physical sensations.
thoughts and images.
According to Freud, what material is not currently in awareness but is readily available to awareness?
unconscious
subconscious
The professor just said that everyone in the class is to focus on their home environment. When they think of home, that is an example of a thought being brought out of the
unconscious.
subconscious.
preconscious.
nonconsciousness.
According to Freud, some mental events are unavailable to us under most circumstances. What are these events called?
nonconscious.
According to Freud, some impulses and painful memories are so unacceptable that we unconsciously exclude them from awareness. He said that we __________ them.
redirect
repress
suppress
undo
Phyllis purposefully avoided thinking about all of her schoolwork during the birthday party last night, by using
repression.
suppression.
none of these.
Consciously ejecting unwanted mental events from awareness is known as
inner directedness.
outer directedness.
suppression
When certain bodily processes cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness, we say that they are
As we develop, we differentiate ourselves from other people and other things. We develop a sense of being persons, which we usually call the sense of
self.
persona.
ego.
integra
The totality of our impressions, thoughts, and feelings that makes up our conscious existence is called the sense of
ego
superego
id.
During stage 2 sleep, the brain emits ___________ that represent brief bursts of rapid activity.
theta waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
alpha waves
36. What is the deepest sleep, the one from which it is hardest to be awakened?
stage 1.
stage 4.
the hypnagogic state.
REM sleep.
Your husband just woke up, and he said he was having the most bizarre dream. What stage was he probably awakened during?
REM sleep
NREM sleep
paradoxical sleep
REM and paradoxical sleep
According to Sigmund Freud, dreams reflect
memories of the past day.
conscious psychological problems.
meaningless brain activity.
unconscious wishes and urges
According to Freud, your telephone number is stored at the _________ level.
conscious
Based on Freud’s theory, a traumatic childhood event that was repressed is stored at the ___________ level.
Sherry is thinking about her trip to the store yesterday. This memory is in her _______ mind.
postconscious
Which best illustrates the concept of the “preconscious mind”?
thoughts that are about the future
images that cannot be translated into words
thoughts that are out of awareness but can be made conscious
the entire “human iceberg” as described by Freud
Thoughts that are completely hidden from our awareness would, according to Freud, be contained in our __________ mind.
active
post-conscious
Anna has been in a car accident in which her best friend died. Six months later, she cannot even remember that the accident occurred. This event is probably in her __________ mind
hyperconscious
subterfuge
Which is an illustration of the defense mechanism “repression”?
Mary witnessed the death of her child but cannot remember it.
Mark wants to remember what he ate for lunch but is not sure whether it was tuna or hamburger.
Michael tells people he did not cheat in high school but knows it is untrue.
Rachel thought about going to a party, but her mother forced her to stay home.
What is the removal of anxiety-provoking ideas from awareness called?
catalysis
reaction formation
repression
regression
The automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from awareness is
resistance.
psychoanalysis.
Which psychic structure is motivating behavior when you are on a diet but eat a piece of chocolate cake anyway?
id
none of these
Which is consistent with the ego?
admiring your own reflection in the mirror
feeling guilty when you anger your father
wanting your neighbor’s car because it looks better than your own
filling out an application for a desired job
Values of right and wrong are contained in your
superego.
superid.
What is Carl Jung’s psychoanalytic theory called?
analytical psychology
archetype psychology
psychosexual theory
63. According to Jung, primitive images contained in the collective unconscious are called
archetypes.
cultural images.
memory traces.
all of these.
Eysenck would classify a melancholic personality type as
introverted and unstable.
extraverted and unstable.
introverted and self-assured.
extraverted and dominant.
98. The five-factor model includes which five basic personality factors?
depression, obsessiveness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness
narcissism, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness
extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness
extraversion, psychosis, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness
Based on the five-factor model, Michelle, who exhibits carelessness, negligence, and unreliability, demonstrates a lack of
extraversion.
conscientiousness.
agreeableness.
neuroticism.
Bob exhibits narrow mindedness, rigidity, and shallowness. Based on the five-factor model, what does he show a lack of?
neuroticism
conscientiousness
openness to experience
extraversion
Patty is outgoing, sociable, and assertive. According to the five-factor model, what does she demonstrate?
agreeableness
Mona was reading a book when her doorbell rang, and she remembered that she was supposed to receive a delivery today. The information about the delivery resided in which area of Mona's consciousness until she heard the doorbell?
aconscious
bpreconscious
cunconscious
nonconscious
Regarding the research on the five-factor personality model, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Significant positive correlations have been found between the number of traffic citations people receive and the factor of agreeableness.
As people grow older, especially men, they tend to become more agreeable.
People who are not judgmental tend to score high on the trait of conscientiousness.
People who are anxious or depressed tend to score lower on the trait of neuroticism.
