453: Test 1 Burns

A burn occurs when there is injury to the tissues of the body caused by ____, _____, _______ or _______.

Burns have both a _____ and _________ inflammatory reaction, the end result of which is an almost immediate shift of intravascular fluid into the surrounding interstitial space.

5 types of burns

What is the most common type of burn?

What causes chemical burns?

Are alkali or acid burns more difficult to treat and why?

____________ burns can cause respiratory problems, eye injuries, liver and kidney problems

How to treat chemical burns

With chemical burns tissue destruction may continue
for up to ____ hours

Result from inhalation of hot air or noxious chemicals and can cause damage to the tissues of the respiratory tract

Clues may be facial burns, singed nasal hair, hoarseness, painful swallowing, or darkened oral and nasal membranes

Metabolic asphyxiation

Inhalation injury above the glottis

usually chemically produced. Clinical manifestations in
12-24 hrs. Can progress to ARDS.

Direct damage to nerves and vessels can occur causing tissue anorexia and death

Can cause muscle contractions strong enough to break bones

This is seen with electoral burns:
majority of damage beneath the skin making it hard to determine.

Which burns have a very High risk for fall injuries, fractures

Risks associated with an electrical burn besides falls and fractures

Causes vasoconstriction-
Ice crystals form in intracellular
spaces

Complications with cold thermal injury/frostbite

There are 2 guides for determining the extent of 2nd and 3rd degree burns. What is considered a 1st degree burn?

classification of burn injury that is the most accurate and provides a percent calculation

classification of burn injury that is simplistic and used more for adults

Treatment of a burn depends on its severity. Severity is determined by what 4 things?

Criteria for burns to be treated in burn units
(1-5)

Criteria for burns to be treated in burn units
(6-7)

Criteria for burns to be treated in burn units
(8)

Criteria for burns to be treated in burn units
(9-10)

burn classification:
epidermis to dermis

burn classification:
deep dermis including sweat and oil glands

burn classification:
all layers of the skin and beyond including bone and muscles

Which types of burns are the most painful?

Full thickness burns lead to release of _______ and _________

fluid and electrolyte shifts:
The greatest threat initially with burns is ______________

Fluids and electrolyte shifts:
what are the concerns?

This phase usually lasts 24-72 hours. Always consider other injuries!

What is the primary concern with Emergent phase= Resuscitative Phase?

Why shivering occurs in burn victims

When does the emergent phase end?

Medical priorities in the emergent phase

What is the airway management of a burn patient?

Fluid therapy consideration in the treatment of a burn patient

Treatments of a burn patient

Wound healing is also know as what phase?
How long does it last?

When does the acute phase of a burn begin?

Electrolyte abnormalities with acute phase of burns

What do monitor in the acute phase of a burn

When does the burn acute phase end?

What phase begins when burns have healed and patient can perform at a level of self care?
When does it occur?

What are the greatest risks in the burn rehabilitation phase?

What to access during the burn rehabilitation phase?

wound care:
pink or cherry red, wet & shiny with serous exudate (may or may not have blisters) and painful to touch or exposed to air

wound care:
dry & waxy white to dark brown or black and minor/localized sensation

necrotic tissue is removed

which method?
burn covered in topical antimicrobial and no dressing over the wound

Which method?
sterile gauze laid over topical antimicrobials
Changed Q12-24hr depending on product
Must use PPE (sterile gloves to open
wound)

What type of burn may grafting be necessary for?

Surgury that may be necessary with burns:
Think about swelling, stretch or lack of…..
Think about circulation

Nutritional therapy:____________ state due to increased metabolism by 50-100% of a normal patient

Nutritional therapy considerations for burn patients