These are also knows as REGULATORS. They work by opening, closing or partially obstructing various passageways.

VASCULAR HEART DISEASE IS DEFINED BY WHAT?
What are the problems this causes?

A narrowing

backward flow into the heart
or between heart chambers

to “fall out of place”

between the LEFT ATRIUM AND THE LEFT VENTRICLE

_________ receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins on the way to systemic circulation

the GOLD STANDARD for evaluating the severity of mitral stenosis

Majority of adult cases of mitral stenosis are caused by

The structural deformities of mitral valve stenosis include (3)

Clinical manifestations of mitral valve stenosis

Causes of mitral valve regurgitation

clinical manifestations in ACUTE MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION

clinical manifestations in CHRONIC MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION

Structural abnormality of MV that allow leaflet to prolapse into left atrium during systole

CAUSE of mitral valve prolapse

EKGs and mitral valve prolapse

Mitral Valve Prolapse
May or may not be present with CP
what to do if PAIN occurs?

Aortic valve dysfunction
Where is it?

OBSTRUCTION OF FLOW FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE TO THE AORTA DURING SYSTOLE

The effect of aortic valve stenosis is LVH and increased myocardial oxygen consumption.
What does this cause?

clinical manifestations of aortic valve stenosis

Nitro and aortic valve stenosis

______ aortic valve regurgitation is a LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY

What does is cause?

Aortic regurgitation
WHAT HAPPENS?

ACUTE PHASE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AORTIC REGURGITATION

Where is the tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve stenosis: Right atrial output becomes obstructed.
Increases the blood volume in the right atrium
What happens to the right atrium?

WHICH OCCURS MORE OFTEN STENOSIS OR REGURGITATION?

clinical manifestations of tricuspid valve stenosis

Where is the pulmonic valve

This is VERY RARE and includes any condition that affects the ______ valve can lead to stenosis or regurgitation

This valvular heart disease is ALMOST ALWAYS CONGENITAL AND MAY GO UNNOTICED FOR YEARS IF MILD

Pulmonic valve disease is results in what?

CAUSES of pulmonic valve stenosis

in pulmonic valve stenosis PATIENTS PRESENT WITH

WHAT IS INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS (IE)

Who is at risk for IE

Primary lesions of IE

When do vegetations occur?

2 TYPES OF IE

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF IE

SUB-ACUTE IE HAS MORE SYMPTOMS
What are they?

common HISTORY seen with IE

Diagnostics for IE

The pericardium is the fibrous sac surrounding the heart
What is the inflammation of this sac called?

CAUSES of pericarditis

HALLMARK FINDING FOR PERICARDITIS

2 MAJOR COMPLICATIONS OF PERICARDITIS

Diagnostic Studies to help r/o Pericarditis

VITAL SIGNS WITH PERICARDITIS

Nursing management of pericarditis
depends on likely cause

Inflammation of the myocardium- heart muscle.
Can cause cellular damage and necrosis

Causes of myocarditis

Diagnosis of myocarditis

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MYOCARDITIS

Diagnostic
Studies of Myocarditis

Nursing management of myocarditis

WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO EVALUATION VALVE FUNCTION OR DYSFUNCTION?

KNOW WHERE THE HEART SOUNDS ARE FOR THE EXAM