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What are the three general processes of urine formation?
Describe glomerula filtration.
Why does it occur?
Name the areas of a nephron and their functions.
The permeability of the collecting duct to water is regulated by what?
What is the method of action of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?
What is the method of action of aldosterone?
What are the three groups of diuretics? Where in the nephron do they act? Give an example of each.
What is particularly important to consider about loop diuretics?
What are some of the main indications for loop diuretics?
What is the mechanism of action for potassium sparing diuretics? Give an example. What are some indications for use of a potassium sparing diuretic above thiazide/loop diuretics?
What are some adverse effects of diuretic therapy?
Into which areas are the following hormone groups secreted?
Endocrine
Autocrine
Paracrine
In regulation of BP, what is the second messenger?
What is the target?
Targets tend to be receptors or enzymes. True or false?
Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
What is Cushings' disease?
What is Addisons' disease?
What are the endocrine cell types of the pancreas? What is their function?
Glucose is stored as what?
When blood glucose is low, ______ is broken down by _______ to ______?
Blood pressure is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism. True or false?
Where is renin secreted from? In response to what?
Angiotensin II is converted to _____ by _____?
________ can stabilise blood pressure by preventing this.
Renin cleaves ______ to Angiotensin I?
Where is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II?
What is aldosterone?
What is conductive tisssue?
What is stroke volume?
What is cardiac output?
What is the equation of cardiac output?
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?
What is transcription?
What is translation?
Define genotype and phenotype?
What is an allele?
What is co-dominance?
What is incomplete codominance?
Give an example of a genetic disorder that occurs at the result of a point mutation?
How many chromosomes does a daughter cell produced by meiosis have?
Are they haploid or diploid cells?
Where does meiosis occur?
Define oncotic pressure.
Define homeostasis.
What is diffusion? Is this an active or passive process? (Does it require energy?)
What are factors that cause fluid extravasation?
What are factors that cause fluid retention?
Give an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
Define agonist and antagonist drugs.
What are the two kinds of antagonist? What do they do?
What is the role of the golgi apparatus?
Give examples of amine hormones?
The CNS exerts rapid control via impulses and neurotransmitters. True or false?
Calcium is not a secondary messenger. True or false?
Give an example of an adrenal steroid/mineralocorticoid steroid?
What are islets?
Glucagon is secreted in response to hypoglycemia. True or false?
What is diabetes mellitus?
Dendrites conduct nerve impulses ________ the cell body.
Axons conduct nerve impulses _______ from the cell body.
Towards, away.
Schwann cells facilitate _________ conduction.
What are the functions of:
Bronchi
Alveoli
Nose
What are the functions of the two types of alveolar cells?
What is FEV1?
