alkane -> halogenoalkane

alkene -> halogenoalkane

alkene -> bromoalcohol

alkene -> dihalogenoalkane

alkene -> alkane

alkene -> alcohol

alkene-> addition polymer

homolytic fission of halogenoalkanes

heterolytic fission of halogenoalkanes

halogenoalkane -> alcohol

halogenoalkane -> amine

halogenoalkane -> nitrile (R-CN) + halide ion

primary alcohol -> bromoalkane

primary alcohol -> chloroalkane

primary alcohol -> alkene

primary alcohol -> aldehyde. (oxidation)

primary alcohol -> carboxylic acid. (oxidation)

secondary alcohol -> ketone. (oxidation)

aldehyde -> primary alcohol.
(reduction)

ketone -> secondary alcohol. (reduction)

aldehyde -> cyanohydrin

ketone -> cyanohydrin

aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

carboxylic acid -> ester

phenol -> ester

ester hydrolysis

alkylation of a primary amine

making primary amides (acylation)

making secondary amides (acylation)

amide hydrolysis

Benzene -> cyclohexane

nitrobenzene -> phenylamine

phenyl amine -> benzenediazonium ion (diazotisation)

diazonium ion -> azo compound

benzene
nitration

benzene sulfonation

benzene chlorination

benzene
Bromination

benzene
alkylation

benzene
acylation

advantages of friedel-craft

tests:
alcohol + NaOH

tests:
phenol + NaOH

tests:
carboxylic acid + NaOH

tests:
alcohol + carbonate

tests:
phenol + carbonate

tests:
carboxylic acid + carbonate

test for phenol

[Fe(H2O)6]2+

[Fe(H2O)6]3+

Fe(OH)2(s)

Fe(OH)3(s)

[Cu(H2O)6]2+

[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+

[CuCl4]2-

Cu(OH)2(s)

N2O

NO2

NO

shape of N2

shape of ammonia

shape of ammonium ion

shape of nitrate (III) ion

shape of nitrate (V) ion

test for aldehyde

carboxylic acid -> aldehyde

carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride

nitrile -> carboxylic acid

coupling reaction