Most cancers could be prevented.
True
False
Which 3 of the following abberations cause a proto-oncogene to mutate into an oncogene?
Amplification
Translocation
Point Mutation
Addition
BCR-ABL is an oncogene caused by the translocation of two genes on chromosome 9 and 22. The new chromosome that this forms is called the _______ chromosome
Philadelphia
Cathedral City
Dairylee
Select some of the functions of a tumour-suppressor gene's encoded protein.
slow down cell division
repair DNA mistakes
trigger apoptosis
activate immune surveillance
Caretaker genes are a class of tumour suppressor genes however, they do not regulate cell division. Instead they...
Recognise and repair DNA damage, therefore being directly responsible for cancer development
Recognise and repair DNA damage, however, not being directly responsible for cancer development
Bystander or passenger mutations are mutated genes that are not related to the growth or development of a cancer.
Differentiation, increasingly autonomous growth and aggressive behaviour are trates associated with a cancer in ______ stage of carcinogenesis
inititation
promotion
progression
Some pathogens are capable of establishing chronic infections at certain sites in the body. This creates a local environment where even uninfected cells are at a greater risk of becoming cancerous.
There are four types of genetic disorder. Which of the following best describes each of these four types
autoimmune
single gene
multifactorial
chromosomal
mitochondrial
Down's syndrome frequency increases with paternal age.
Tumour antigens may be specific to a tumour (TSA), or just occur more frequently in a tumour (TAA). Both must be capable of inducing an antibody or cell-medicated response.
An immune response against self antigen(s) that results in a disease causing tissue damage or disturbed physiological function best describes...
Immune Response
Autoimmunity
Self-tolerance
