Study Guide: Nerve Signaling

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Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is

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The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called

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A neuron's resting membrane potential is

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Which of the following statements is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?

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A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.

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A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is often called a stimulus-gated channel.

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Chlorine ions are the dominant extracellular cations

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During a relative refractory period

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Voltage-gated channels are

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The larger the diameter of a nerve fiber

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Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous

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When repolarization has occurred, an impulse can't be conducted

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The action potential is an all-or-none response

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Many anesthetics function by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses

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Which of the following structures is not a main component of a chemical synapse?

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A synaptic knob is located on the

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Which of the following is true of spatial summation?

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In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical synapses and chemical synapses.

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Rapid-succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob can have a cumulative effect over time that can result in an action potential.

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Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.

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Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to

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The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following except

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Which of the following is not an example of an amine neurotransmitter?

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Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in which of the following neurotransmitters?

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Which of the following is not a catecholamine?

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Many biologists now believe that neuropeptides are the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.

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Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the uptake of dopamine.

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Neuroscience has advanced to a point at which the neuron doctrine has been expanded to include concepts of the .

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The concentration of neurotransmitters at synapses in certain neural pathways can affect .

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are nerve growth factors that are released by various cells of the body.

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When more than one presynaptic axon synapses with a single postsynaptic neuron, occurs.

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When a single presynaptic axon synapses with many different postsynaptic neurons, occurs.

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Multiple sclerosis is a myelin disorder.

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Physical injury, causing nerve damage, can cause local or widespread loss of sensation and/or motor control.

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Nerve conduction does not occur due to fluctuations in the concentration of ions.

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Myasthenia gravis is a bacterial disorder.

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Parkinson disease is a failure to release adequate dopamine at the synapse of certain motor pathways.

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A synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the ( presynaptic, postsynaptic ) neuron's axon.

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Acetylcholine is an example of a ( neurotransmitter, protein molecule receptor ).

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Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to ( communicate, reproduce ) with one another.

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Neurotransmitters are distributed ( specifically, randomly ) into groups of neurons.

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Endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of ( pain, fear ).

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A synonym commonly used for action potential is ( nerve impulse, depolarization ).

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In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. This type of impulse conduction is called ( saltatory conduction, postsynaptic conduction ).

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A membrane that exhitbits a membrane potential is said to be ( polarized, myelinated ).

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A wave of electrical fluctuation that travels along the plasma membrane is called a .

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The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron's plasma membrane is called the .

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Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (thus below the usual RMP) is called .

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Three structures make up a chemical synapse. They are , and the

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Long-term memories (months or years) require changes in the synapse, such as more vesicles or more vesicle release sites.

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The unique neurotransmitter that combines acetate with choline is acetylcholine. It is deactivated by .

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An example of a catecholamine is .

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Two major function classifications of neurotransmitters are excitatory neurotransmitters and .

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The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the postsynaptic receptor.

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Nuetotrophins stimulate neuron development but also can act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.