Lindsay Deems
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Chapters #7, #8, #9

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Criminal Justice Test #3

Frage 1 von 57

1

Which of the following statements best describes the jurisdiction of a court?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is the territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by a statute or constitution

  • It is the provision which allows courts to grant pretrial release of a criminal defendant on his or her written promise to appear in court as required

  • It is the formal written accusation submitted to a court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person who has committed a specified offense.

  • It is the power of a court to review only the actions and decisions made by other agencies of government

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 57

1

Which of the following was not suggested by proponents of state court reform in order to create a uniform judiciary model for all states?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • centralizing a state court authority

  • centralizing court structure

  • consolidating courts with overlapping jurisdictions

  • combining original and appellate jurisdiction

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 57

1

Which of the following is an example of an original-jurisdiction case?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Matt appeals in a higher court against a lower court's decision in favor of his landlord

  • A court of appeals upholds Carlos' conviction in a sexual harassment case by a state trial court

  • Brian is arrested for identity theft and is tried in a state trial court

  • Mary approaches a state supreme court to review the state trial court's decision to charge her with grand larceny

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 57

1

Which of the following cases is most likely to be settled in a dispute-resolution center?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sean is charged with aggravated assault for physically abusing his wife

  • Jacob is arrested for raping and killing a ten-year-old girl

  • Robert is caught stealing groceries from a local store

  • Leslie is arrested for using illegal drugs

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 57

1

________ is the power of a court to reconsider the actions and decisions made by other agencies of government.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Arraignment

  • Judicial review

  • Original jurisdiction

  • Jurisprudence

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 57

1

Which of the following alternatives to bail places a court in the role of a bond agent, allowing a defendant to post a percentage of a full bail with the court?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • signature bond

  • deposit bail

  • release on recognizance

  • conditional release

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 57

1

Brian, a suspect in a robbery case, signs a document which says that the trial court of Alabama can seize his house and car if he does not appear on his trial date. Which of the following alternatives to bail does this scenario illustrate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • an unsecured bond

  • a property bond

  • a deposit bail

  • a third-party custody

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 57

1

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an arraignment?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Deborah, an accused in a robbery case, is released on a deposit bail

  • William, an accused in a murder case, is arrested and immediately presented before a magistrate. The magistrate informs William of his rights.

  • Arun, an accused in a homicide case, is presented before a trial court with original jurisdiction for the first time. The judge allows him to enter a plea.

  • Santiago, an accused in a rape case, is released when his attorney gives assurance that Santiago will appear in court as required.

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 57

1

One purpose of ________ is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • adjudication

  • arraignment

  • plea

  • bail

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 57

1

Which of the following provides the first appellate level for courts of limited jurisdiction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • courts of last resort

  • trial courts of general jurisdiction

  • intermediate appellate courts

  • district courts

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 57

1

How many regional courts of appeal are there in the United States?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 12

  • 10

  • 6

  • 60

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 57

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the structure developed by states that follow the federal court model?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • trial courts of limited jurisdiction

  • trial courts of general jurisdiction

  • appellate courts

  • special-purpose courts

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 57

1

A formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, is known as a(n) ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • information

  • plea

  • arraignment

  • bail

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 57

1

Bob consigned all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral against pretrial flight. What type of bail did he post?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • unsecured bond

  • property bond

  • deposit bail

  • signature bond

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 57

1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the U.S. Supreme Court?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest federal court

  • The U.S. Supreme Court consists of nine justices

  • The U.S. Supreme Court wields immense power

  • The U.S. Supreme Court justices serve for eight years

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 57

1

A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as an ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • arraignment

  • indictment

  • assessment

  • enforcement

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 57

1

Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • overlapping jurisdiction

  • limited jurisdiction

  • appellate jurisdiction

  • original jurisdiction

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 57

1

Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • special jurisdiction

  • original jurisdiction

  • appellate jurisdiction

  • limited jurisdiction

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 57

1

Which of the following is the least likely requirement to become a judge in general jurisdiction and appellate courts in almost all states?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Be above the age of 35

  • hold a law degree

  • be a licensed attorney

  • be a member of his or her state bar association

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 57

1

Jane conducts a criminal proceeding against a serial rapist on behalf of Gia, a rape victim, in a state court. In this scenario, Jane is most likely to be a ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • public defender

  • prosecutor

  • private attorney

  • bailiff

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 57

1

Who among the following is most likely a public defender?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sean, who represents a state's case against Rick, a defendant, in a state court.

  • Roger, a practicing criminal attorney, is appointed by a state trial court to represent a defendant in a murder case.

  • Nadia, a partner in a law firm, represents a defendant in a case of embezzlement.

  • Farah, who is employed by a state, represents a defendant who cannot afford a lawyer in a rape case.

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 57

1

Christian, a management consultant, is required by a state court to listen to the evidence presented during trial and determine whether Valerie, an accused in a murder case, is guilty or not guilty of the charges against her. In this scenario, Christian is most likely playing the role of a ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • juror

  • victim

  • lay witness

  • defendant

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 57

1

Which of the following amendment's requirement of a public trial supports the right of reporters and spectators to be present at a criminal trial?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

  • The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

  • The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

  • The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 57

1

________ refers to the issue of whether a defendant is actually responsible for the crime of which he or she stands accused.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Judicial review

  • Warrant

  • Verdict

  • Factual guilt

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 57

1

Which of the following is the first step in the criminal trial process?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • trial initiation

  • jury deliberation

  • judge's charge to the jury

  • presentation of opening statements

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 57

1

Which of the following scenarios illustrates a challenge for cause during jury selection?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A defense attorney argues that the pool from which potential jurors are selected for a discrimination case is under representative of minority communities.

  • A defense attorney claims that a potential juror who was a victim of rape is likely to be partial against the defendant in a rape case.

  • A defense attorney dismisses two potential women jurors from a case involving a bank robbery without giving a reason.

  • A prosecuting attorney dismisses four potential jurors from a shoplifting case without giving any reason.

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 57

1

Proponents of the adversarial system believe the best way to determine truth is through

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the use of coercive interrogation techniques

  • careful investigation and sharing of information

  • open combat between victim and accused

  • a free and open competition over who has the correct facts

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 57

1

Proponents of the adversarial system believe the best way to achieve justice is by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • strict adherence to procedure

  • having flexible procedural rules

  • better policing

  • allowing judges to play a greater role in the proceedings

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 57

1

Proponents of the inquisitorial system believe the best way to determine truth is through

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • careful investigation and sharing of information

  • the use of coercive interrogation techniques

  • open combat between victim and accused

  • a free and open competition over who has the correct facts

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 57

1

According to a Gallup Poll, Americans rate ____ higher than ____ in terms of honesty and ethics.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • judges/lawyers

  • lawyers/doctors

  • lawyers/judges

  • used car salesmen/lawyers

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 57

1

Which of the following is NOT a type of juror challenge?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • peremptory challenges

  • challenges for cause

  • challenges to the array

  • challenges for knowledge

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 57

1

All of the following are considered professionals in the courtroom work group, EXCEPT the________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • defense attorney

  • victim

  • judge

  • prosecuting attorney

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 57

1

Which of the following is NOT another name for a prosecuting attorney?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • district attorney

  • assigned counsel

  • state's attorney

  • solicitor

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 57

1

What is the primary purpose of any criminal trial?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • instruction to meet the needs of trial judges

  • determination of the defendant's guilt or innocence

  • cooperation and communication with the police

  • recognition of informal rules of civility

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 57

1

In 1972, the Judicial Conference of the United States adopted a policy opposing ________ in district courts, and that policy was incorporated into the Code of Conduct for United States Judges.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • broadcast of in-camera trials

  • media coverage of proceedings

  • movement of a trial to another location

  • broadcast of civil proceedings

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 57

1

Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • circumstantial evidence

  • exculpatory evidence

  • testimonial evidence

  • real evidence

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 57

1

Which of the following represents the order of the steps in a criminal trial?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

  • opening statements, jury selection, presentation of evidence, trial initiation, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

  • trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

  • the judge's charge to the jury, jury selection, opening statements, trial initiation, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberations, the verdict

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 57

1

Who is responsible for summoning members of the public for jury duty and subpoenaing witnesses for the prosecution and the defense?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the court administrator

  • the clerk of court

  • the bailiff

  • the court recorder

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 57

1

Criminal trials under the American system of justice are built around ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • an adversarial system

  • a public defender system

  • the court system

  • the grand jury system

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 57

1

Court-appointed defense attorneys, whose fees are paid at a set rate by local or state government, are also called ________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • private counsel

  • public counsel

  • opposing counsel

  • assigned counsel

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 57

1

Which of the following best reflects the findings from Naomi Goodno's assessment of the three strikes law in California?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The law has clogged courts to the point that judges have filed lawsuits

  • The law was supported by 98% of all law enforcement officers in California

  • The law has resulted in more police officers being killed as two-strike offenders seek to avoid a third strike

  • The law has not strained the state budget or overcrowded prisons

  • The law increased the general public's fear of crime

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 57

1

Which of the following best reflects the decision made by the U.S. Supreme Court with regard to the Eighth Amendment and three strikes laws?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The Court ruled that it is neither cruel nor unusual to impose a life sentence for a nonviolent felony when the offender has a history of serious convictions

  • The Court decided to remain silent with regard to three strikes laws; instead, it deferred to the states to determine what was cruel or unusual

  • The Court ruled that it was cruel and unusual to include misdemeanors as one of the three strikes

  • The Court ruled that three strikes laws, in and of themselves, are inherently violations of the Eighth Amendment

  • The Court ruled that it is a violation of the Eighth Amendment to impose a life sentence for a nonviolent felony, regardless of an offender's history

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 57

1

Which of the following is accurate with regard to Elsa Chen's research regarding race, ethnicity, and three strikes laws?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • African-Americans and American Indians were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

  • Hispanic-Americans were more likely than other groups to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

  • African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

  • Whites and Hispanics were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

  • Whites were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 57

1

How many children are believed to be sexually victimized each year?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • One million

  • Two-hundred thousand

  • Five million

  • Two million

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 57

1

Studies of recidivism rates for sexual offenders demonstrate that

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • all treatment programs are effective in reducing recidivism

  • treatment programs don't work

  • treatment programs don't work and offenders will all reoffend

  • some treatment programs work and some don't

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 57

1

Depending on the state, which of the following constitute sexual offenses?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sexual acts with children

  • Sexual contact with children

  • Urinating in public

  • a and b only

  • all of the above

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 57

1

According to the most recent figures, how many registered sex offenders are there in the United States?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 500,000

  • Nearly 750,000

  • Two million

  • One million

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 57

1

According to the NVCAP, which is the most comprehensive victims' bill of rights?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

  • Victims' Rights and Protection Act of 2008

  • Victims of Crime Act of 1984

  • Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 57

1

Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • indeterminate sentencing

  • determinate sentencing

  • quasi-independent sentencing

  • contemporary sentencing

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 57

1

Which of the following is the primary sentencing tool of the "just deserts" model?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • restitution

  • fine

  • probation

  • imprisonment

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 57

1

Which of the following cases determined that the method of execution of an offender may not create a substantial risk of wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain, torture, or lingering death?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Gregg v. Georgia

  • Baze v. Rees

  • Furman v. Georgia

  • Atkins v. Virginia

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 57

1

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that ________ must decide the facts that lead to a death sentence.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • appellate courts

  • jures, not judges

  • high courts

  • judges, not juries

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 57

1

Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • inmate's behavior while incarcerated

  • leniency of the parole board

  • leniency of the judge

  • pressure from politicians

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 57

1

Which of the following refers to the goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim "whole again"?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • retribution

  • deterrence

  • incapacitation

  • restoration

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 57

1

Who is the final arbiter of the actual sentence served in a state that relies on an indeterminate sentencing scheme?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the judge

  • the parole board

  • the governor

  • the prosecutor

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 57

1

Cooperating with the authorities, good character, and no prior record are examples of ________ circumstances.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • unforeseen

  • aggravating

  • mitigating

  • compensatory

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 57

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of contemporary sentencing?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • restoration

  • rehabilitation

  • mitigation

  • incapacitation

Erklärung

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