APUSH Practice Test 2

Division of powers between the states and the federal government

The principle of judicial review established in Article I of the Constitution

Separation of powers among the three branches of government

Congressional authority to legislate

The creation of a civil service system based on merit

Increasing the power of the presidency

Its firm stance against the extension of slavery into the territories

Staunch opposition to the expansion of voting rights of unpropertied classes.

an accelerated movement toward universal white male suffrage.

the direct election of senators become a reality with the ratification of the 17th Amendment

Andrew Jackson strongly support federally funded internal improvements

the elimination of the Second American Party System

Blue-Collar reaction against antiwar protests at college s and universities

Silent majority opposition to federal funding for public education

Republican movement toward a southern strategy

The failure of the Great Society Head Start program

southern African American votes by sponsoring Freedom Summer.

northern liberals by endorsing a dramatic expansion of the Great Society

cold war conservatives by direct challenges to the Soviet Union and China

conservative southern Democrats

The Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that schools must be desegregated.

Cold war tension increased when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik.

African Americans gained greater access to public accommodations.

Gas prices spiraled upward as a result of the Arab oil embargo.

To subdue increasing unrest in the British North American colonies

To undermine the increasing power of the Spanish monarchy

To more tightly control the British textile industry

To combat international economic competition

Mercantilism

Capitalism

Imperialism

Market revolution

The american colonists agreed that this was a reasonable assertion of imperial power.

For several decades, the British government largely allowed the colonists to govern their own affairs.

France declared war on England.

Britain's alliances with North American Indian tribes forced the American colonists to call for closer ties with Britain.

The spread of Enlightenment ideas

The invention of new navigational technologies

Increasing conflicts between the New England and Chesapeake colonies

The Seven Years' War

Americans came to the New World in search of religious freedom.

Immigrants arrived on the East Coast of the United States but soon moved across the Mississippi River, carrying Americans ideal with them.

Most early immigrants came to the shores of Massachusetts.

Europeans came across the Atlantic in search of a new life.

The immigrants described in both passages came primarily from Western and Central Europe

Both authors voiced concerns that too many immigrants were maintaining their old traditions.

Crèvecoeur and Morse agreed that immigrants were able to successfully overcome obstacles and would eventually improves American society.

Both authors urged the U.S. government to adopt policies regulating immigration.

Thousands of Chinese arrived the United States as the railroad industry expanded.

Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe arrived in huge numbers.

Union members and their leadership feared that immigrants would take jobs from American workers.

Protestants opposed the influx of large numbers of Roman Catholics into urban areas in the eastern United States.

natural resources were not inexhaustible.

the surest way to end Indian resistance was by government-sponsored decimation of the buffalo herds.

Indians must be confine to small, scattered reservations.

the advancement of civilization took precedence over the preservation of the environment.

largely destroyed Indian culture.

were strongly opposed by Indian advocates.

Indian suffrage becoming a reality by 1900.

were largely unsuccessful.

Protestant evangelism in colonial America

Enlightenment belief in progress

the Second Great Awakening

Romaticism

progressivism

romanticism

perfectionism

rationalism

Populists

Progressives

Charles Darwin

20th century evangelists

The market revolution was changing the nature of work and the relationship between home and the workplace.

Women, both rich and poor, decided that it was better for them to stay home and care for their families.

Slavery in the South and the influx of European immigrants in to the North made i possible for women to focus their attention on the home.

In an effort to protect women as the nation became more industrialized, state legislatures began to regulate women's work.

As the nation became more divided an d the Civil War approached, factories in the North need more workers.

As a result of the Second Great Awakening, women increasingly were involved in antebellum reform movements.

The expansion of suffrage and the democratization of American society brought women further in to the mainstream of American economic life.

As education for women became more accessible, women gained the knowledge and skills that enabled them to enter the workplace.

The expansion of slavery into western territories reinforced the "clearly separate paths" for men and women.

Rapid industrialization and the growth of cities like Chicago and St. Louis reinforced the view that women belonged in the home.

The gap between middle and working-class women increased.

Women in the West were more likely to participate as equal partners in the economic life of their family.

Legislation limiting the number of Eastern Europeans who could immigrate to the United States

The application of Social Darwinism to public policy

Progressives' efforts to relieve poverty in American cities

The Chinese Exclusion Act

Nativists

Leaders of the Roman Catholic Church

Settlement house workers

Political machine bosses

Conflicts between Native Americans and the U.S. Government

Increased migration of Asians in to the United States

The activism of religious reformers who espoused the Social Gospel

Passage of legislation that established a quota system to regulate immigration

The states of the defeated Confederacy were determined to keep the institution of slavery even after the war ended.

This addition to the Constitution was necessary to banish slavery from states not covered by the Emancipation Proclamation.

Slavery was a common and widespread practice in most of the overseas territories controlled by the United States at this time.

Republicans in Congress were still reluctant to ban slavery in places where it had traditionally existed.

Some states were able to reestablish slavery through elaborate contracts that the federal Justice Department was unable to have declared illegal.

Former slaves were prevented by law from working on any property that was owned by their former masters.

Southern states devised systems of local laws that restricted social, political, and economic freedoms for African Americans for the next century.

Southern legislatures tried to restrict the rights of African Americans, but their efforts were overturned by the Supreme Court in the 1890s.

The Civil Rights ACt of 1964

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

Plessy v. Ferguson

The economic programs of Johnson's Great Society

Nativist sentiment continued to be a problem for immigrants coming to the United States.

Equal employment opportunities were available for both men and women during this era.

A strong economy meant employment was available for anyone who was looking for a job.

Few immigrants who arrived in the United States in the first half of the 19th century were literate.

Many immigrants arriving the united States in the early 19th century were discriminated against because they were Catholic and might take jobs from those already here.

There was little land available on the frontier for the huge numbers of immigrants who were coming at this time, so they were flooding urban job markets.

Federal regulations limited immigration ,and those who came anyway were in the country illegally.

Most new immigrants refused to live in ethnic communities once they came to the United States, and they threatened the property values of established urban neighborhoods.

Attempts were made to reverse what was known as the Great Migration, a movement of southern African Americans from the Deep South to other parts of the country in search of better jobs.

The government passed a series of laws establishing highly restrictive immigration quotas to reduce the numbers of people moving to this country.

Overseas expansion was discouraged by Congress out of fear that it would create new waves of immigrants, particularly to the West Coast.

Congress refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles or participate in the League of Nations primarily out of fear of encouraging new waves of immigration to this country.

The use of popular sovereignty to determine the status of slave and free states in the unorganized territory

The end of the slave trade in Washington D.C.

The new Fugitive Slave Law

A reduction in the size of Texas in exchange for a payment to the state of $10 million

free-soilers, who were opposed to the extension of slavery into any new states or territories.

Republicans, who insisted that the Compromise of 1850 include the immediate abolition of slavery.

Know-Nothings, who believed popular sovereignty should decide the issue of slavery in California.

Whigs, who believed that ending the slave trade in the District of Columbia was a violation of constitutional property guarantees.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

Article IV, Section II, of the Constitution regarding the return of runaway slaves

The banning of the slave trade after 1808

The guarantees of individual freedoms in the Bill of Rights

These societies were complex and exhibited diverse economic development and social diversification.

Like most other native societies, these two group depended on hunting and gathering for subsistence.

These societies were largely mobile due to a scarcity of natural resources.

Large-scale agriculture was favored instead of trade with other villages to support these communities.

Native populations chose to move to areas dominated by Europeans because there were more jobs available in those places.

Europeans brought epidemic disease that took a heavy toll on native populations and weakened social and political structures in their communities.

Rapid climate change made most of the areas previously settled by native populations unsuitable for traditional agriculture.

The decline of the great buffalo herds made traditional ways of life impossible in the Southwest and the Ohio Valley.

Changes occurred on both sides of the Atlantic as the introduction of new agricultural products and animals created new markets and altered lifestyles.

Changes occurred in diets and agriculture, but little in other areas of life for the two regions.

Changes occurred that could ultimately be regarded only as positive, in that both areas benefited from the introduction of new foods.

There was tremendous population growth on both sides of the Atlantic due to improvements in nutrition.

Silver

Slaves

Iron weapons

Maize

A general movement away from the principles and policies of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society

The shift in political power from major urban centers to more rural voters

The elimination of all trade barriers with foreign nations

A shift from concentrating on U.S. power abroad to a more limited role for the military in general

Late 19th century support for the principles of Social Darwinism

Southern leaders who called for a "New South" in the years following Reconstruction

Reformers who supported such efforts as the settlement house movement

Labor leaders who lobbied for better pay and safer working conditions for factory workers

Concentrate on security at home rather than taking on challenges to U.S. power abroad

Pass a series of laws aimed at increasing domestic security, which have subsequently come under criticism for threatening individual rights

Reduce the number of women and minorities allowed to serve in the military

Renew national efforts at finally winning the Cold War with the former Soviet Union

Attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq

Efforts to shut down Central American drug cartels

Tighter immigration controls along the borders of Texas and Mexico

Tighter quality controls over goods coming in from China and East Asia

Increased calls for gun control in the United States

Dramatically increased support for immigration restriction

Eroding support for the war in Vietnam

Increasing support for Supreme Court rulings protecting the rights of the accused

increased dramatically as the United States launched major offensives.

decreased as a result of increased support for the Great Society

decreased significantly because of a perceived lack of progress against the Vietcong

decreased because of the energy crisis brought on by the Arab oil embargo.

The widespread introduction of credit cards

An unparalleled rise in the price of agricultural commodities

The introduction of television advertising

Installment buying

The belief that nuclear power would provide cheap energy and make America energy independent.

Rising stock prices

The optimism brought on by the success of making the world "safe for democracy"

Immigration restriction

return to the progressivism of the prewar era.

assume leadership of newly created international organizations.

dominated by conservative leadership.

play a major role as an international peacekeeper in the Middle East.

the execution of 43 Japanese American citizens for sabotage and espionage.

the deportation of Japanese American citizens from the United States

internment of Japanese American citizens in closely guarded camps.

Japanese American citizens being forced to labor on white-owned farms due to the shortage of agricultural labor.

Racial segregation in the armed forces was ended.

A federal agency was formed to prevent racial discrimination in hiring for defense plants.

Schools were integrated.

African American troops were not longer assigned to the Pacific theater of the war.

found new employment opportunities in traditionally male industrial jobs.

served in front-line combat roles with men.

achieved equal pay for equal work in defense industries.

were given the right to vote in return of r their support of the war effort.

The issue of slavery played little role in sectional tensions after the passage of the Compromise of 1850.

Attitudes toward slavery became more hardened and less open to any compromise during the 1850s

Southerners were generally able to stop the spread of abolitionist literature by controlling the activities of the antislavery press.

People on both sides of the abolitionist arguments felt the government was working in support on their side.

Slaves were generally better farmworkers than white laborers.

Slaves were considered to have benefited from conversion to Christianity, something they would not have known in Africa.

The northern economy would not be able to survive without the work of slaves in southern cotton and tobacco fields.

Slaves were critical labor to southern manufacturing and ironworks.

Some abolitionist groups were determined to use nonviolent means to achieve their goal, while others felt slaves should use whatever means necessary to gain freedom.

The groups argued over whether Congress had the power to issue the Fugitive Slave Law that was part of the Compromise of 1850.

Some wanted to shut down efforts to help slaves escape, as they felt it was too dangerous.

They disagreed over whether former slaves would be able to obtain employment in northern manufacturing once they made an escape to freedom.

ostentatious opulence.

conspicuous consumption.

scientific management

utilitarianism.

place a cap on the maximum income one could attain in a single year.

nationalize major industries such as steel, oil, and banking.

impose government regulations on private industry.

redistribute income by lowering tariffs.

private organizations designed to meet their basic needs.

the federal government in the form of welfare payments.

railroad companies who offered free transportation to the west.

state welfare agencies that provided free housing and food for the needy.