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the political and social system in place in France before the Revolution
King of France from 1774-1792; his unpopular policies helped trigger the French Revolution. Deposed by the National Convention, he was executed by guillotine.
Queen of France, wife of King Louis XVI; she was queen during the French Revolution and disliked by many French citizens. She was found guilty of treason and guillotined.
in pre-Revolution France, the clergy
in pre-Revolution France, the nobles
in pre-Revolution France, the bourgeoisie, artisans, workers, and peasants.
the urban middle class; merchants, professionals, and manufacturers.
"without breeches"; radical group of shopkeepers and wage earners during the French Revolution who wanted a larger voice in government and an end to food shortages.
a document that laid out the basic principles of the French Revolution- liberty, equality, and fraternity.
a person with extreme views
Lending figure of the French Revolution; he was known for his intense dedication to the Revolution. He became increasingly radical and led the National Convention during its most bloodthirsty time.
a device used during the French Revolution for beheading people
a revolution against a government established by a revolution
a period during the French Revolution in which the Robespierre-led government executed thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens.
general; Emperor of France; he seized power in a coup detat in 1799; he led French armies in conquering much of Europe, placing his relatives in positions of power. Defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled on the island of Elba.
British admiral; he defeated Napoleon's navy in Egypt and agin at the Battle of Trafalgar.
"stroke of state"; the sudden overthrow of a government by force.
the procedure used to submit the constitution of a new government to the people for a yes-or-no vote.
the system of commercial blockades of Britain and continental Europe set in place by Napoleon with the intent of destroying Britain's economy.
sense of pride and devotion to one's nation
Czar of Russia from 1801-1825; after the defeat of the Napoleon's army in 1812, he became one of the most powerful leaders in Europe, supporting the suppression of all revolutionary movements in Russia and Europe.
period that marks the time between Napoleon's return to Paris from Elba (March 20), his final defeat at Waterloo (June 18), and the restoration of King Louis XVIII (June 28)
British soldier and statesman; he led the British troops against Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.
Austrian statesman and diplomat; he was the Austrian representative at the Congress of Vienna.
French statesman and diplomat; he was one of the negotiators at the Congress of Vienna. He represented France on behalf of Louis XVIII.
compensation that is paid to a nation for the damage inflicted upon it in a war.
an extremist who not only opposes change but also want to undo certain changes
