Ben Armstrong
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Degree Psychology Quiz am Developmental Psychology, erstellt von Ben Armstrong am 26/04/2017.

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Ben Armstrong
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Developmental Psychology

Frage 1 von 54

1

A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • that informed consent is not necessary.

  • its ability to discern amongst cohorts.

  • that it follows development of individuals.

  • that it protects from selective attrition.

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Frage 2 von 54

1

The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • experimentally.

  • cross-sectionally.

  • longitudinally

  • speculatively

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Frage 3 von 54

1

Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • muscle tone

  • heart rate

  • reflex irritability

  • attention span

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Frage 4 von 54

1

In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the increasing rate of single parenthood

  • the perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water

  • better maternal nutrition

  • advances in medical technology

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Frage 5 von 54

1

Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • PRIMATE / HUMAN

  • POSITIVE / NEGATIVE

  • FATHER / MOTHER

  • MILD / INTENSE

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Frage 6 von 54

1

When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • are unreliable and inaccurate

  • do better with negative emotions than with positive

  • do better with positive emotions than with negative

  • are highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion

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Frage 7 von 54

1

"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • categorise people or animals as good or bad

  • use the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation

  • hide one's own true inner feelings

  • understand that others' feelings differ from your own

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Frage 8 von 54

1

Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • habituation / dishabituation

  • high-amplitude sucking

  • deferred imitation

  • evoked potentials

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Frage 9 von 54

1

Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • very smudged eye shadow

  • a big bruise on mum’s nose

  • a piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin

  • a crow’s nest in mum’s hair

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Frage 10 von 54

1

As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • passively waiting for an object to reappear

  • anticipating invisible displacements

  • making an A-not-B error

  • looking at another toy as the first one disappears from view

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Frage 11 von 54

1

Cernunnos's dad is upset and cries. Cernunnos gives his teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Cernunnos is showing

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • egocentrism

  • decentered emotionality

  • sympathetic empathetic concern

  • animism

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Frage 12 von 54

1

Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as ________ is __________ to .

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • egocentrism / other’s viewpoint

  • adolescence / childhood

  • flexibility / rigidity

  • solitary / social

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Frage 13 von 54

1

For Vygotsky, private speech is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • meaningless babbling

  • entirely silent and cannot be heard by others

  • passive reporting on thoughts after they have happened

  • self-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts

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Frage 14 von 54

1

A basic definition of imitation is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • doing an action after seeing it done

  • repeating an action after getting reinforcement

  • varying a response to achieve reinforcement

  • repeating an action

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Frage 15 von 54

1

Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ability to copy actions

  • ability to copy a variety of actions

  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions

  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement

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Frage 16 von 54

1

A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • look to find a cat

  • try to pet the cat

  • neither look or try to pet but may echo the word ‘cat’

  • both look and and try to pet – and he may echo the word ‘cat’

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Frage 17 von 54

1

The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • interest, distress, disgust, and contentment

  • anger, surprise, fear, and sadness

  • embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride

  • joy, happiness, frustration, and boredom

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Frage 18 von 54

1

Bellona is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • be unusual in a child at that age

  • be evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached

  • be considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response)

  • simply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry

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Frage 19 von 54

1

Emotional attachments between parent and child

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • are the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries

  • slowly rise from social interactions in the first months

  • emerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level

  • result from both persons' shared genetic relationship

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Frage 20 von 54

1

Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • identifies the child's level of visual imagination

  • provides training for the transition into foster care

  • measures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items

  • assesses the child's attachment style

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Frage 21 von 54

1

The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • easy temperament

  • familiarity

  • social referencing

  • learned helplessness

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 54

1

Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • is doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined

  • works and promotes secure attachment

  • is directed mainly to upper income parents

  • yields temporary gains that are lost within weeks

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Frage 23 von 54

1

Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • self-oriented distress

  • sympathetic empathetic arousal

  • a hostile attribution bias

  • learned helplessness

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 54

1

Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • an online game training emotion recognition

  • classroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders

  • psychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable

  • parental educational materials

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Frage 25 von 54

1

Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • parents

  • researchers

  • children

  • teachers

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Frage 26 von 54

1

A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Reliable

  • Proven

  • Valid

  • None of the above

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Frage 27 von 54

1

A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Children will get bored with this and underperform

  • Results will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions

  • Results may not generalise to other children

  • All of the answers

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Frage 28 von 54

1

A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Data are not valid or reliable

  • Data are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds

  • Data cannot tell us about the development of individual children

  • All of the answers

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Frage 29 von 54

1

You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face.
You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • meow

  • bark

  • can do either as he chooses

  • neither

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Frage 30 von 54

1

Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • child's social relations with others such as peers

  • inheritance of developmental disability

  • inheritance of behavioral habits

  • development of knowledge

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Frage 31 von 54

1

In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • tertiary circular reaction

  • phylogenetic scaffolding

  • early constructivism

  • cognitive equilibrium

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Frage 32 von 54

1

Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Formal operations stage

  • Preoperational stage

  • Proximal zone stage

  • Sensorimotor stage

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Frage 33 von 54

1

Object permanence refers to the understanding that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • durable toys are preferred over those that break soon

  • existence continues even when something is out of sight

  • inanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively

  • lost objects will always be located later

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Frage 34 von 54

1

Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a phylogenetic development

  • assimilation and accommodation

  • lack of object (person) permanence

  • misunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction

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Frage 35 von 54

1

Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • animism

  • assimilation

  • accommodation

  • tertiary circular reaction

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Frage 36 von 54

1

Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

  • preoperational stage of cognitive development.

  • concrete-operational stage of development.

  • formal-operational stage of development.

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Frage 37 von 54

1

Neith is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit (according to Piaget) is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • unusual for boys but common for girls

  • unusual for girls but common for boys

  • fairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development

  • fairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.

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Frage 38 von 54

1

A toddler is most likely to remember:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo

  • A very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum

  • Only the events that are highly emotionally significant.

  • Nothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age

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Frage 39 von 54

1

If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • device for inner experimentation

  • tool of intellectual adaptation

  • zone of proximal development

  • electronic scaffold

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Frage 40 von 54

1

Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful

  • Variations in cultural influences are acknowledged

  • Developmental universals are sought and identified

  • Scaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks

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Frage 41 von 54

1

In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Deliberately ignore the red spot

  • Stare at the red spot

  • Touch their nose / wipe the red spot

  • Interact with the mirror (kissing or touching it)

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Frage 42 von 54

1

When do you think most children start to learn their native language?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • When they are about 12 month old

  • When they are about 6 months old

  • Soon after birth

  • Before they are born

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Frage 43 von 54

1

Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Authoritative (high D/C and high A/R)

  • Authoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)

  • Permissive (Low D/C and high A/R)

  • Uninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)

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Frage 44 von 54

1

15-years old Mary is more likely than most of her peers to show poor self-control, poor academic performance, and to use illegal drugs. Her parents may have used:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Authoritative parenting style

  • Permissive parenting style

  • Uninvolved parenting style

  • Either permissive or uninvolved

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Frage 45 von 54

1

Aphrodite is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s parents’ permissive style.

  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s difficult temperament.

  • Aphrodite has both permissive parents and a difficult temperament

  • Normal

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Frage 46 von 54

1

Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Hostile

  • Instrumental

  • Relational

  • Bullying

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Frage 47 von 54

1

Dave hits Chuck while their mum is not looking and as Chuck gets distracted, Dave grabs his toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Hostile

  • Instrumental

  • Relational

  • Bullying

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Frage 48 von 54

1

Young infants prefer __________________ .

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • good deeds and actors

  • aggression

  • bullying

  • Negative emotions

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Frage 49 von 54

1

Which of the following is NOT an elementary mental function?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sensation

  • Belief in religion

  • memory

  • attention

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Frage 50 von 54

1

What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The prevalent model of tutoring in western societies and schools

  • The informal tuition of cultural-relevant practices, common to non-industrialised societies

  • When a mature social partner responds contingently to the child's behaviour

  • None of the answers given

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Frage 51 von 54

1

Which one of the following is not a critique for Piaget's pre-operational stage?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Children are not always egocentric

  • Animalism also depends on context - novel objects that move are deemed animate not others

  • Conservation tasks are solved after training

  • children struggle with appearance/reality distinction

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Frage 52 von 54

1

For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.

  • No, there is no such thing as sensitive period.

  • It may be helpful but it is not necessary.

  • It may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.

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Frage 53 von 54

1

Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Biological predisposition and maturation

  • Early operant learning in social situations

  • Cognitive development

  • There is no set answer, but the majority of developmental psychologists believe it is a combination of them all.

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Frage 54 von 54

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five kinds of linguistic knowledge?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phonology

  • Morphology

  • Syntax

  • Cosmology

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