Rachel Pointer
Quiz von , erstellt am more than 1 year ago

Most of these questions I have taken out of my online textbook (Understanding Psychology 11e by Charles G. Morris and Albert A. Maisto) The chapter the questions come from will be listed with the question. This quiz also includes questions from the tests taken in the class.

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Rachel Pointer
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General Psychology Final Exam Study Quiz

Frage 1 von 63

1

Which of these is the modern, formal definition of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Psychology is the study of psychological disorders and treatment

  • Psychology is as much an art as a science

  • Psychology today studies only cognition and emotion

  • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 63

1

Which of these are among the five enduring issues in psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • person-situation

  • opportunity-disenfranchisement

  • friends-family

  • youth-age

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 63

1

A(n) _____ is a specific, testable prediction derived from a theory. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • experiment

  • scientific method

  • hypothesis

  • phenomenon

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 63

1

You want to answer the question, "Do opposites really attract?" As a critical thinker using the scientific method, it is most important that you do which of the following? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • If data conflict, go with the largest data set

  • Try to simplify things as much as possible

  • Be skeptical of self-reports as they may be biased

  • Collect a large number of self-reports

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Frage 5 von 63

1

Which of these disciplines falls under the heading of developmental psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • child psychologist

  • clinical psychologist

  • industrial/organizational psychologist

  • attending psychologist

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 63

1

The emergence of psychology as a science in the 1900s can be seen as having occurred in the following three stages: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Freudian, Humanistic, Behavioral

  • animism, dualism, table rasa

  • emergence of science, behaviorism, cognitive behaviorism

  • science of the mind, the behaviorist decades, the cognitive revolution

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 63

1

What are the three basic elements of consciousness according to Edward Bradford Tutchener? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • race, culture, and ethnicity

  • physical sensations, feelings, and images

  • the id, the ego, and the super ego

  • emotions, actions, and thoughts

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 63

1

Which of these questions is most likely to be of interest to an evolutionary psychologist? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • How can someone best cope with the loss of a parent?

  • Do stereotypical roles have a role in promoting the survival of the species?

  • What effect does alcohol abuse have on adolescent brain development?

  • How can a store manager learn to increase productivity among her staff?

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 63

1

What changes brought about the reopening of the study of things we cannot observe directly, like thoughts, by the science of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The theories of the behaviorists were proved wrong

  • It was proven that the unconscious mind is what shapes us

  • New research methods made the scientific study of mental processes possible

  • The public did not like the focus of behavior alone

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 63

1

Understanding how and why groups differ in their values, behaviors, approaches to the world, thought processes, and responses to situations --in other words, understanding _____, gives us tools to reduce interpersonal tensions. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • diversity

  • genetics

  • universal features

  • innate behavior

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 63

1

Scott was born and raised as Emily, a healthy female, but has lived and identified as a man ever since he was a teenager. While Scott hasn't undergone gender reassignment surgery, he uses male pronouns to refer to himself and doesn't disclose his trans identity except to potential romantic partners. Most of his classmates and colleagues assume he is biologically male. Scott's _____ is female, and his _____ is male. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • culture; sex

  • heritage; gender

  • sex; gender

  • gender; identity

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 63

1

Which of the following is a reason why feminist theory has been important in expanding traditional psychological theories?(Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It has led to the understanding that gender is fixed

  • It has helped reinforce traditional gender roles so that psychologists can focus on other topics

  • It has led to the understanding that men and women are so similar that it's easy to apply knowledge about one gender to the experiences of another

  • It examines similarities and differences and puts a spotlight on gender stereotypes

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 63

1

Whose classic work, Sex and Temperment in Three Primitive Societies, is still cited as evidence that definitions of masculinity and femininity are not biological givens? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mary Cover Jones

  • Carol Gilligan

  • Margaret Mead

  • Mamie Clark

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 63

1

Which of these is a major benefit of naturalistic observation as a research method? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Researchers don't need to be specially trained to learn how to observe their enviorment

  • Naturalistic observation has the least risk of observer bias

  • Researchers tend to record all of what they see, so potentially relevant details are not likely to be overlooked

  • The behavior observed in everyday life is likely to be more natural, spontanious, and varied than that observed in a laboratory

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 63

1

Why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect ? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • When one variable causes another, that doesn't mean that the variables are necessarily related, only that they occur in tandem

  • Two variables can be related to each other, but that does not imply that one causes the other

  • Studies that look for cause and effect run the risk of asking leading questions, which yeild unreliable results

  • Correlated variables are not statistically significant

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 63

1

In an experiment, the _____ variable is measured to see ho it is changed by manipulations in the _____ variables. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • dependent; independent

  • control; experimental

  • experimental; control

  • independent; dependent

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 63

1

In an experiment, to test the effects of sleep deprivation on test performance, a researcher who manipulates the amount of sleep that participants get is controlling the _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • control group

  • independent variable

  • experimental group

  • dependent variable

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 63

1

Which of the following is part of the American Psychological Association (APA) code of ethics regarding psychological experiments? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Deception about the goals of the research can never be used

  • Participants in research studies must be 18 or older

  • Participants must be informed about the nature of the research only when the experiment's methods are potentially harmful

  • Deception about the goals of the research can be used only when absolutely necessary to the integrity of the research

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 63

1

According to the APA code of ethics, are researchers who use animals in experiments ever allowed to subject those animals to pain or stress? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • No, the APA does not condone the use of animals in research in any circumstances

  • Yes, but only if the animals are given appropriate anesthesia and no other procedure is available

  • Yes, but only when an alternate procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value

  • The APA does not issue guidelines on the use of animals in research

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 63

1

Which psychologist's controversial 1963 experiment involved participants being told to administer increasingly intense shocks to other participants? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Jean Piaget

  • Keneth Clark

  • Al Maisto

  • Stanley Milgram

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 63

1

Trina is a psychology student who plans to work with patients who are struggling with depression and anxiety. She received a PhD in psychology and is starting a one-year internship in psychotherapy. After that, she'll have one more year of supervised practice before she can open her own practice. What career path is Trina on? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • clinical psychology

  • social worker

  • developmental psychology

  • psychiatrist

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 63

1

Mateo has been feeling very sad lately and has decided to see a mental health professional in order to receive a prescription for some antidepressant medication. He will also engage in psychotherapy with this individual. Mateo is most likely to visit a _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • psychiatrist

  • health psychologist

  • counseling psychology

  • clinical psychologist

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 63

1

Which type of psychologist is most likely to be desirable to human resources and personnel departments? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cognitive

  • evolutionary

  • indistrial/organizational

  • behavioral

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 63

1

Three key terms that constitute the definition of psychology are (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cognition, attitudes, and brain function

  • therapy, behavior problems, and mental illness

  • cognition, human motivation, and thinking

  • scientific, behavioral, and mental processes

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 63

1

A psychologist following the scientific method would first: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • design an experiment

  • make observations

  • disprove invalid theories

  • develop a theory

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 63

1

Critical thinkers are willing to _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • accept the opinions of established experts in a field

  • accept common knowledge

  • look at similarities but not differences in a problem

  • subject their own deeply held beliefs to scrutiny

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 63

1

If you believe that how you've acquired your mental and behavioral traits from your historical past is of key importance, then you're likely favoring the _____ view of psychology. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • humanistic

  • cognitive

  • psychodynamic

  • evolutionary

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 63

1

Psychologist William James developed the theory of _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • psychodynamics

  • structuralism

  • functionalism

  • dualism

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 63

1

If you subscribe to this school of psychology, you believe that psychology is the study of only what is observable and measurable. This historical and modern perspective is better known as _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • behaviorism

  • functionalism

  • psychoanalysis

  • gestalt psychology

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 63

1

Alessio believes that men's and women's gender roles are the result of biological adaptions in our deep ancestry. Allesio is using theories based in _____ to explain his views on gender roles. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • gender studies

  • behavioral adaption

  • evolutionary psychology

  • feminist theory

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 63

1

We cannot understand human behavior without also understanding: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • that culture has little influence on human psychology

  • animal cognition and behavior

  • how little human diversity there is

  • the influence of culture on human diversity

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 63

1

_____ is a research technique based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a control group

  • correlational research

  • the experimental method

  • causative research

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 63

1

Cherie is participating in a study on the sleep habits of college students. The experimenter is putting Cherie in Group A and is examining if one extra hour of sleep per night leads to 20% increase in concentration. The dependent variable in this experiment is ______. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cherie

  • level of concentration

  • the participants in Group B

  • one extra hour of sleep

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 63

1

DeShawn is researching the effects of brain lesions on depression. For ethical reasons, he is not able to cut into brains of study participants. What is one research method that DeShawn might consider that could shed light on this problem without violating APA ethical guidelines? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • paying volunteers more for their consent to have surgery

  • performing the tests on children whose parents have given consent

  • telling participants that he's actually studying productivity

  • using animals as tests subjects

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 63

1

The APA code of ethics requires that researchers obtain _____ from participants, and stipulates that participants must be informed of the nature of research in clearly understandable language. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • consensus

  • notified agreement

  • personal information

  • informed consent

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 63

1

Marlisa is a researcher who is studying brain MRIs of patients with severe anxiety. She hopes to identify exactly how brain chemistry changes during an anxiety attack. Marlisa is working in which field of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • neuropsychology

  • cognitive development

  • counseling psychology

  • neural conditioning

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 63

1

Many students majoring in psychology want to be therapists. The career that requires a medical degree for a career as specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of behavior disorders is that of a _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • psychoanalyst

  • psychiatrist

  • child psychologist

  • clinical psychologist

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 63

1

Is there a single perspective dominating psychology today? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • No. Although the emerging field of positive psychology is exciting, not many psychologists are adhering to it

  • No. Psychologists are more flexible in considering new approaches and combining elements of different perspectives

  • Yes. Behaviorism, as developed by John Watson, remains unchallenged as the most comprehensive psychological perspective in the early 21st century

  • Yes. As the influence of Freudian psychodynamic theory declined, evolutionary psychology took its place as the dominant mode of study today

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 63

1

The _____ is the level an impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • threshold of excitation

  • graded potential

  • action potential

  • threshold of potential

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 63

1

Which of the following is true about dendrites? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They carry outgoing messages to neighboring neurons

  • They pick up incoming messages and transmit them to the cell body

  • Some neurons have them, and some do not

  • They are found in every type of cell

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 63

1

Glutamate enhances learning and memory by _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • strengthening the myelin sheath

  • strengthening synaptic connections between neurons

  • stimulating neurons that reside in the hindbrain

  • stimulating neurons in the midbrain

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 63

1

The ______ is the tiny gab between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • vesicle

  • neurotransmitter

  • synaptic cleft

  • terminal button

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 63

1

Why do people from different cultures develop different neural networks? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Because people from different cultures have different levels of hormones

  • Because people from different cultures have different levels of intelligence

  • Because people from different cultures often have very different experiences

  • Because people from different cultures have very different genes

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 63

1

Damage to the hypothalamus might result in which of the following problems? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • difficulty recognizing people's faces

  • difficulty sleeping

  • difficulty controlling emotions

  • difficulty paying attention

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 63

1

The _____ includes the brain and the spinal cord, which together contain more than 90% of the body's neurons. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • peripheral nervous system

  • limbic system

  • central nervous system

  • somatic nervous system

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 63

1

_____ are impairments of the ability to use or understand language. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • occipital delays

  • speech impediments

  • aphasias

  • temporal delays

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 63

1

Which of the following is true of macroelectrode recording techniques? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They are used to study brain waves

  • They are used to map regions of the brain

  • They use radioactive energy to map the brain

  • They are used to study the function of single neurons

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 63

1

Which of the following is true about the spinal cord? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is made up of hard, bonelike bundles of dendrites

  • It contains neural circuits that require input from the brain

  • It is not actually connected to the brain

  • It contains to major neural pathways

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 63

1

Dilated pupils and bronchi, a relaxed bladder, and an accelerated heart rate would all be attributed to the stimulation of the _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • limbic system

  • endocrine system

  • parasympathetic division

  • sympathetic division

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 63

1

What is the main function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • to signal the body to release hormones from the pituitary gland

  • to calm and relax the body after intense arousal

  • to prepare the body for quick action in an emergency

  • to signal the body to release hormones from the thyroid gland

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 63

1

The _____ is the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries messages between the central nervous system and the internal organs. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sympathetic division

  • autonomic nervous system

  • parasympathetic division

  • somatic nervous system

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 63

1

Neurons belonging to the somatic nervous system are involved in which of the following? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • making voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles

  • controlling voluntary thoughts and behaviors

  • controlling the involuntary activities of the internal organs

  • making involuntary movements of the skeletal muscles

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 63

1

Fiona's brain is getting information about her movements and her external environment. The part of the central nervous system that is communicating this is called the _____ nervous system. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • automatic

  • sensory

  • autonomic

  • somatic

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 63

1

Located on the underside of the brain and often called the "master gland," the _____ gland is connected to the hypothalamus and produces the largest number of different hormones. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • pituitary

  • pineal

  • adrenal

  • thyroid

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 63

1

Jasper is late for work and decides to skip breakfast. As lunchtime draws near, he begins to feel shaky and weak, and when he gets up to go to the cafeteria for lunch, he faints. His coworkers call an ambulance, and at the hospital, tests reveal there is an unusually low amount of sugar in his blood and urine. Jasper is suffering from _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • hypoglycemia

  • overactive thyroid

  • melatonin overload

  • diabetes mellitus

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 63

1

What is the primary responsibility of the parathyroid glands? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • to balance levels of androgens in the body

  • to balance levels of acetylcholine in the body

  • to balance levels of calcium and phosphate in the body

  • to balance levels of thyroxin in the body

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 63

1

Which of the following secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • gonads

  • pancreas

  • thyroid gland

  • pituitary gland

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 63

1

Which of the following releases melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • pancreas

  • adrenal glands

  • pineal gland

  • thyroid gland

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 63

1

A recessive gene can control the appearance of a certain trait only if its _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • paired with a dominant gene

  • paired with another recessive gene

  • related to a physical trait

  • related to intelligence

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 63

1

Which type of study assesses heritability in animals and helps determine the degree to which a trait is inherited? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • naturalistic observation

  • single-blind study

  • selection study

  • double-blind study

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 63

1

The human genome, or sum total of all genes necessary to build a human being, contains approximately _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 20,000 to 25,000 genes

  • 15,000 to 20,000 genes

  • 10,000 to 15,000 genes

  • 5,000 to 10,000 genes

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 63

1

Odessa is 37 and is pregnant with her third child. Her obstetrician tells her that her pregnancy is high risk because of her age and suggests she undergo a test to screen for genetic defects. She explains that the test involves harvesting cells from the fluid in which the fetus grows. Odessa's doctor is referring to _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • gene therapy

  • chorionic villus sampling

  • amniocentesis

  • ultrasound

Erklärung

Frage 63 von 63

1

In psychology, the idea that adaptive traits that increase survival chances will become more common in a species, as those who survive long enough will pass on the genes for those traits to more members of their species, is known as: (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • human social survival

  • trait genetics

  • evolutionary psychology

  • behavioral genetics

Erklärung

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