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How did Newlands and Mendelev arrange the elements in the periodic table
How did Mendeleev overcome some of the problems with the early periodic table ?
How is the modern periodic table arranged in ?
How is the modern periodic table arranged in terms of electronic structure?
Evaluate the work of Newlands and Mendeleev in terms of their contributions to the development of the modern periodic table
explain why scientists regarded a periodic table of the elements first as a curiosity, then as a useful tool and finally as an important summary of the structure
of atoms.
Describe the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table (known
as the alkali metals):
Describe what happens in Group 1, the further down the group an element is
Compare group 1 with the transition metals
Describe the transition metals
Describe the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table (known
as the halogens)
Describe what happens in Group 7, the further down the group an element is
Describe a displacement reaction in group 7
Explain the trends in reactivity seen in group 1 and 7
State the difference between soft and hard water
What does hard water contain and where does this come from
Describe the difference between hard and soft water
Explain how temporary hard water is softened by boiling.
State the problems associated with both hard water and temporary hard water
Describe the benefits of hard water
Hard water can be made soft by removing the dissolved calcium and magnesium ions. This can be done by:
Water of the correct quality is essential for life. For humans, drinking water should have sufficiently low levels of dissolved salts and microbes. How is this achieved ?
Explain the principle by which
ion exchange resins work
Some chemicals may be added to drinking water , what are these and why are they added ?
Why do some people argue against using fluoridation of water
Pure water can be produced by distillation. Why is this expensive ?
How can the relative amounts of energy released from substances be measured ?
Draw an energy level diagram to represent an endothermic reaction
Draw an energy level diagram to represent an exothermic reaction
describe the transfer of energy when bonds are made or broken
Describe why heat is released during an exothermic reaction ?
Describe why heat is absorbed during an endothermic reaction ?
Explain how catalysts help reactions occur?
draw an energy level diagram showing the effect of an enzyme on activation energy
State 2 ways the H can be used in vehicles
State the benefits of using H as a fuel
State disadvantages of using H as a fuel
Flame tests can be used to identify metal ions. Lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium compounds produce distinctive colours in flame tests:
describe tests for Al, Ca and Mg ions
describe tests for Copper(II), iron(II) and iron(III) ions
describe a test for carbonates
describe tests for the halides
describe a test for sulfate ions
What are the raw materials for the haber process and how are they obtained ?
Describe the haber process
describe a reversible reaction at equilibrium in a closed system
describe how an increase in temperature effects the yield of a reversible reaction
describe how an decrease in temperature effects the yield of a reversible reaction
how dose an increase in pressure effect a reversible reaction involving gases ?
Why not increase the pressure to 1,000 atm, and get lots of ammonia really quickly?
represent the structure of ethanol
represent the structure of ethanoic acid (a carboxylic acid)
what is the functional group of alcohols and what are the first 3 alcohols
state the properties of :
Methanol, ethanol and propanol
How is ethanol converted to ethanoic acid ?
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids ?
State the properties of carboxylic acids ?
what is the functional grouop of esters
what are the properties of eters ?
