Karteikarten am 127 - Bacterial Genetics, erstellt von Victoria Wright am 11/05/2017.
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Erstellt von Victoria Wright
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Erstellt von Victoria Wright
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Transposition
Segment of DNA (eg, transposon) that can “jump” (excision and reintegration) from one location to another, can transfer genes from what to what and vice versa?
Transposition
When excision occurs, it may include some what, which can be incorporated into a plasmid and transferred to another bacterium?
Recall the image for Transposition
What are examples of spore-forming bacteria?
Some bacteria can form spores - when?
Some bacteria can form spores at the end of the stationary phase when what are limited?
Spores are highly resistant to what?
What do spores have in their core?
What is the metabolic activity of spores?
What must be done to potentially kill spores?
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Source: Certain species of gram ⊕ and gram ⊝ bacteria
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Source: Outer cell membrane of most gram ⊝ bacteria
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Secreted from Cell
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Not secreted from cell
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Chemistry: Polypeptide
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Chemistry: Lipid A component of LPS (structural part of bacteria; released when lysed)
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Location of genes: Plasmid or bacteriophage
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Location of genes: Bacterial chromosome
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Adverse effects: High (fatal dose on the order of 1 μg)
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Adverse effects: Low (fatal dose on the order of hundreds of micrograms)
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Clinical effects: Fever, shock (hypotension), DIC
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Mode of action: Induces TNF, IL-1, and IL-6
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Antigenicty: Induces high-titer antibodies called antitoxins
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Antigenicty: Poorly antigenic
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Vaccines: Toxoids used as vaccines
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Vaccines: No toxoids formed and no vaccine available
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Heat stability: Destroyed rapidly at 60°C (except staphylococcal enterotoxin and E coli heatstable toxin)
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Heat stability: Stable at 100°C for 1 hr
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Typical diseases: Tetanus, botulism, diphtheria
Exotoxins or Endotoxin?
Typical diseases: Meningococcemia; sepsis by gram ⊝ rods
What is the source of Exotoxins?
What is the source of Endotoxins?
What is the chemistry of Exotoxins?
What is the chemistry of Endotoxin?
What is the location of genes for Exotoxins?
What is the location of genes for Endotoxins?
What are the clinical effects of Endotoxin?
What is the mode of action for Endotoxins?
What is the antigenicity of Exotoxins?
What is the antigenicity of Endotoxins?
What are the vaccines for Exotoxins?
What are the vaccines for Endotoxins?
What is the heat stability of Exotoxins?
What is the heat stability of Endotoxins?
