Transition Metals

Where are transition metals found on the periodic table?

What is a transition metal?

How many electrons can a d subshell hold?

How are chromium d-orbitals filled and why?

Why are 4s orbitals filled before 3d orbitals?

How are copper d-orbitals filled and why?

Why are scandium and zinc not transition metals?

List all the stable ions that Vanadium can form

What makes an ion likely to form a compound or complex?

Describe the pattern for the successive ionisation energies for a transition metal

Describe the pattern of successive ionisation energies for Chromium

What is a complex ion?

What is a ligand?

What is a monodentate ligand? Give examples

What is a bidentate ligand? Give examples

What is a multidentate ligand?

How would you calculate the oxidation number of a central metal ion in a complex?

What is the coordination number?

What are the most common coordination numbers?

What is the shape of a six-fold coordination complex ion?

What is the shape of a four-fold coordination complex ion?

How do transition metals form coloured complexes?

Ti^3+

Ti^2+

VO2+

VO^2+

V3+

V2+

Cr2O7^2-

Cr3+

MnO4^-

MnO4^2-

Mn2+

Fe2+

Ni2+

Fe3+

Co2+

Cu2+

Give the reduction half equation for VO2^+ and the oxidation states of vanadium

Give the reduction half equation for VO^2+ and the oxidation numbers of vanadium

Give the reduction half equation for V3+ and the oxidation numbers for vanadium

Give the reduction half equation for V2+ and the oxidation numbers for vanadium

Which oxidation state of vanadium has the most positive electrode potential?

Which oxidation state of vanadium has the highest reducing power?

List the chromium oxidation states in order of stability

What are the 2 ions chromium form with oxygen? What makes them good oxidising agents?

What is the colour of aqueous Cr3+ ions?

What is the colour of aqueous dichromate ions?

What is the colour of aqueous chromate ions?

What is the colour of aqueous Cr2+ ions?

How would you reduce dichromate ions? Give the equation

How would you reduce Cr3+ ions? Give the equation

How would you oxidise Cr3+ ions? Give the equation

How would you create an equilibrium between chromate ions and dichromate ions? Give the equation

How is chromium hydroxide made? Give the equations

Give equations to show the amphoteric characteristic of chromium hydroxide

What is the difference between a ligand exchange reaction and an acid-base reaction?

Write the equation for adding excess ammonia to chromium hydroxide, name the type of reaction and give the colour change

Describe the process of forming chromium(II) ethanoate [Cr2(CH3COO)4(H2O)2](s)

What apparatus is used to prepare chromium(II) ethanoate? Describe how the procedure is carried out

What is a ligand exchange reaction?

What happens when ligands of a similar size undergo a ligand exchange reaction?

Give the colour change when aqueous chromium(III) ions undergo a ligand exchange reaction with excess aqueous ammonia

What happens when larger charged ligands exchange with small uncharged ligands?

Give the colour change when chloride ions are added to aqueous copper(II) ions

Give the colour change when chloride ions are added to aqueous cobalt(II) ions

Give the colour change when excess ammonia is added to aqueous copper(II) ions?

How does carbon monoxide poisoning happen?

Give the equations and colour change for the reaction between aqueous copper(II) ions and hydroxide ions/ammonia

Give the equation and colour change for the reaction between copper(II) hydroxide and excess ammonia

Give the equations and colour change for the reaction between aqueous iron(II) ions and hydroxide ions/ammonia

Give the equations and colour change for the reaction between aqueous iron(III) ions and hydroxide ions/ammonia

Give the equations and colour change for the reaction between aqueous cobalt(II) ions and hydroxide ions/ammonia

Give the equation and colour change for the reaction between cobalt(II) hydroxide and excess ammonia

Why are transition metals good catalysts?

How do heterogeneous catalysts work?

What happens during the contact process? Include equations

How do homogeneous catalysts work?

Describe what happens during the reaction between peroxodisulfate ions and iodide ions - include equations

What is autocatalysis?

Describe the reaction between ethandioic acid and permanganate ions - include equations

How do catalytic converters work?

Why is the strength of adsorption important when finding the most appropriate catalyst?