When is CO maintained by increased HR and increased SV?

During the early stages of exercise, CO is
maintained by what?

When is CO maintained by increased HR only?

During the late stages of exercise, CO is maintained by what?

What is preferentially shortened with increased HR?

Diastole is preferentially shortened with what? What can this lead to?

Stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR) = ?

What is the Fick principle?

How do you calculate the mean arterial pressure from the CO and TPR?

CO x TPR = ?

How do you calculate MAP from diastolic pressure and systolic pressure?

2 ⁄3 diastolic pressure + 1⁄3 systolic pressure = ?

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure = ?

How do you calculate pulse pressure from systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?

Pulse pressure is proportional to what?
And inversely proportional to what?

How do you calculate SV from EDV and ESV?

End-diastolic volume (EDV) −
end-systolic volume (ESV) = ?

There is increased pulse pressure in what conditions?

There is decreased pulse pressure in what conditions?

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

Hyperthyroidism

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

aortic
regurgitation

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

aortic stiffening (isolated systolic
hypertension in elderly)

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

obstructive sleep
apnea (increased sympathetic tone)

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

Exercise (transient)

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

Aortic stenosis

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

cardiogenic
shock

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

Cardiac tamponade

Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure?

Advanced heart failure (HF)