Cardiovascular Karteikarten am 273 - Cardiac output variables, erstellt von Victoria Wright am 29/05/2017.
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Erstellt von Victoria Wright
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Erstellt von Victoria Wright
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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What are the Cardiac output variables?
Stroke Volume is affected by what? What is the mnemonic device to remember it?
What is affected by Contractility,
Afterload, and Preload?
High SV with:
High or Low Contractility (eg, anxiety, exercise)?
High SV with:
High or Low Preload (eg, early pregnancy)?
High SV with:
High or Low Afterload?
A failing heart has high or low SV?
Contractility increases with what?
Contractility (and SV) increase with:
Catecholamine stimulation via what receptor?
Contractility (and SV) increase with:
Stimulation of what via β1 receptor?
Contractility (and SV) increase with:
Increased or decreased intracellular Ca2+?
Contractility (and SV) increase with:
Increased or decreased extracellular Na+?
Contractility (and SV) increase with:
Contractility (and SV) decrease with what?
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
β1-blockade (decreased cAMP)
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
HF with systolic dysfunction
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
Acidosis
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
Hypoxia/hypercapnia
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
Non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
Catecholamine stimulation via β1 receptor
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
Increased intracellular Ca2+
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
Decreased extracellular Na+
Does Contractility increase or decrease with the following?
Digitalis
MyoCARDial O2 demand is increased by what?
Wall tension follows what law?
Laplace's Law
Wall tension = ?
Laplace's Law
pressure × radius = ?
Laplace's Law
(pressure × radius) /
(2 × wall thickness) = ?
Laplace's Law
Wall stress = ?
How is Preload approximated?
VEnous vasodilators (eg, nitroglycerin) do what to preload?
Preload approximated by ventricular EDV;
depends on what?
Afterload is approximated by what?
Increased afterload leads to what?
What compensates for increased afterload? How does it compensate?
What do Arterial vasodilators do to afterload?
What do ACE inhibitors and ARBs do to preload? To afterload?
What does chronic hypertension (increased MAP) lead to?
Ejection Fraction
EF = ?
Left ventricular EF is an index of what?
What happens to EF in systolic HF?
What happens to EF in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)?
